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CONCLUSION: Our study expands the understanding of SEPSECS-related neurodevelopmental disorders, highlighting the need for updated diagnostic criteria and potential treatment strategies.
Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) is a proposed postinfectious neuroimmune syndrome characterized by the abrupt onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder, tic disorders, and associated neuropsychiatric symptoms temporally associated with Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus infection. Since its initial description by Swedo and colleagues in 1998, PANDAS has generated notable scientific interest and controversy. Increasing evidence from...
Schistosomiasis in Yemen, caused by Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium, persists as a focal public health problem despite decades of control based largely on repeated praziquantel (PZQ)-based mass drug administration (MDA). This review synthesizes epidemiological, malacological, clinical, and programmatic evidence to examine why substantial national prevalence reductions have not culminated in sustained progress toward elimination. The evidence indicates a shift from broad endemicity toward...
BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) holds potential to transform cardiovascular care, but evidence on its effectiveness in clinical practice remains inconsistent. We aimed to synthesise evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of AI-enabled cardiovascular care, summarise the trial design and characteristics of AI systems, and evaluate methodological quality and reporting transparency.
CONCLUSIONS: The new guideline classified 26% more children and adolescents meeting updated PA guidelines. National research reports should use updated PA guideline criteria, and for surveillance, 4-5 reported days/week on the single PA question best estimates meeting the PA guideline threshold.
CONCLUSION: This large-scale analysis provides updated epidemiologic trends and quantifies risk factors associated with pediatric OCD. Age, sex, specific medical conditions, and athletic participation were linked to increased OCD risk, and novel associations between OCD and coagulopathies were identified.
CONCLUSIONS: Evidence points toward several possible diets for IBD, and clearly toward the Mediterranean diet and shared whole-food principles as a well-supported, safe, and guideline-endorsed foundation. Next step is designing rigorous research with standardised outcomes, disease-specific populations, mechanistic sub-studies, and the implementation support that adherence requires.
CONCLUSION: Patients with psoriasis treated with guselkumab or an IL-17i in this real-world cohort had similar baseline characteristics, although psoriatic arthritis was more common in the IL-17i group. Findings from PSOLAR may help clinicians better understand characteristics of patients who may be prescribed guselkumab or an IL-17i for psoriasis in a real-world setting.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has established targets to reduce the incidence rates of viral hepatitis by 90% and the death rate by 65% by 2030. However, despite global efforts, a substantial treatment gap persists, with merely 3% of eligible patients worldwide receiving antiviral therapy as of 2022. With more than 254 million people living with chronic HBV infection and approximately 1.1 million related deaths annually, the updated 2024 WHO guidelines significantly expand treatment...
CONCLUSIONS: The LAIB group slightly increased during the study period. Transitions between medication groups appeared to yield better substance-use outcomes at follow-up in the sublingual buprenorphine group, compared to in other groups. Baseline substance use was the strongest predictor of illicit use at follow‑up, suggesting that individual clinical characteristics may contribute more to outcomes than the specific medication pathway.
For rapidly mutating viruses such as influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), immune memory recalled by antigenically drifted variants primarily comprises antibodies that cross-react to the priming strain rather than de novo elicited responses, a phenomenon termed original antigenic sin or immune imprinting. The composition and functionality of de novo responses elicited by variant exposures remain unclear. Here we isolated and characterized hundreds of...
CONCLUSIONS: Consensus ratings and qualitative feedback provided clear, broad-level guidance that formed the foundation for two new sets of guidelines. This builds on existing language focused guidelines to deliver updated and evidence-informed guidelines for use in the media as well as other sites of communication where people may be exposed to harmful or helpful words and images. SO WHAT?: These new guidelines are designed to help Australian communities to communicate safely and sensitively,...
Late liver allograft rejection is under-recognized because it is often clinically silent, liver tests are insensitive, protocol biopsies are uncommon, and the histology differs from classic early acute T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) manifesting in the initial weeks after transplantation. Differences in tempo and pathogenesis lead to distinct clinical and histologic manifestations. Late- compared with acute-TCMR is characterized by more prevalent interface and perivenular inflammatory activity,...
Depression is a multifactorial, chronic, and recurrent psychiatric disorder that represents a major global health burden. Despite extensive research, its underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain incompletely understood, largely due to ethical and methodological limitations in human studies. Consequently, rodent models have become indispensable tools for investigating the neurobiology of depression and evaluating potential antidepressant therapies. This narrative review provides a...
CONCLUSIONS: Access to palliative care in rural settings is best understood as a pathway and service-configuration problem rather than simply a deficit in service availability. Improving access requires earlier recognition, clearer referral routes, stronger specialist-generalist and nursing links, better support for family caregivers, and greater attention to affordability, continuity, and rural settings with limited resources.