Therapeutic potential of glycyrrhetinic acids: an updated patent review (2018-2024).

Abstract

Glycyrrhetinic acids (GAs) are isolated from the <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i>. Interestingly GAs and their synthetic derivatives demonstrated numerous biological effects including cytotoxic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. The patents granted concerning natural and synthetic GAs are covered in this review (2018-2024). The most recent patented research on GA derivatives is outlined using the search terms 'glycyrrhetinic acid' on PubMed, SciFinder and Google Patents. Despite its biological effects, the further advancement and application of GA, particularly in clinical use, has been hindered by its limited druggability. This includes challenges such as low solubility and bioavailability. To enhance its biological activity and pharmaceutical efficacy, numerous research studies have focused on structural modifications, particularly to the C-3 (OH) and C-30 (CO&#x2082;H) functional groups. The biological results of the C-30 amide derivatives demonstrate great potential. These modifications result in numerous new GA derivatives with promising biological potential. The authors believe that chemists would be better off focusing their efforts on synthesising heterocyclic analogues of GA, as this would enhance their biological activity and bioavailability. In addition, hybrid compounds of GA with other bioactive molecules could address issues of drug resistance and bioavailability.