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•स्क्रिनमा देखिने चुरोट: सुर्तीजन्य हानि न्यूनीकरण नीतिमा दक्षिण एसियाले अझै के छुटाइरहेको छ•नेपालमा पिसाब नलीको संक्रमण र एन्टिबायोटिक प्रतिरोधको बढ्दो संकट•Frontline Perspectives on Nursing Leadership in Nepal•Protecting the Smallest Lungs from the Hidden Grip of RSV in Kathmandu•The Heavy Burden of Bullying on Student Wellbeing in Nepal•The Emerging Landscape of Thyroid Health in Central Nepal•How a Recent Western Nepal Study is Redefining Anemia Diagnosis•How H. Pylori is Impacting the Health of Karnali’s High-Altitude Communities•Sweet Poison, Bitter Reality: The Unseen Diabetes Epidemic Among Nepal’s Youth•How Missing Checklists and Protocols are Costing Lives in Nepal’s ERs•स्क्रिनमा देखिने चुरोट: सुर्तीजन्य हानि न्यूनीकरण नीतिमा दक्षिण एसियाले अझै के छुटाइरहेको छ•नेपालमा पिसाब नलीको संक्रमण र एन्टिबायोटिक प्रतिरोधको बढ्दो संकट•Frontline Perspectives on Nursing Leadership in Nepal•Protecting the Smallest Lungs from the Hidden Grip of RSV in Kathmandu•The Heavy Burden of Bullying on Student Wellbeing in Nepal•The Emerging Landscape of Thyroid Health in Central Nepal•How a Recent Western Nepal Study is Redefining Anemia Diagnosis•How H. Pylori is Impacting the Health of Karnali’s High-Altitude Communities•Sweet Poison, Bitter Reality: The Unseen Diabetes Epidemic Among Nepal’s Youth•How Missing Checklists and Protocols are Costing Lives in Nepal’s ERs

Management of suspected infectious and autoimmune encephalitis in adults - National Guidelines from the United Kingdom Joint Societies.

Researchers

Benedict D Michael, Yun Huang, Stephen McKeever, Greta K Wood, Ali Alam, Orla Hilton, Cerian F Jackson, Thomas Hughes, Brendan Sargent, Rachel L Brown, Stephen Tj Ray, Tehmina Bharucha, Sarah Wide, Alina Ellerington, Jessica Fish, Sophia Michael, Jonathan Cleaver, Michael Zandi, Laura Benjamin, Thomas Pollak, Michael Eyre, Hadi Manji, Sylviane Defres, Nick Kane, Lance Turtle, Kumar Sv Das, Rekha Siripurapu, Christopher M Parry, Damian Dooey, Judith Breuer, Sarah L Pett, Victoria Grimbly, Tim Cooksley, Samuel Moses, Nick Murch, Frances Sanderson, Ava Easton, Nicholas Ws Davies, Philip Em Smith, Angela Vincent, Sarosh R Irani, Catherine Houlihan, Mark Ellul, Tom Solomon

Abstract

Encephalitis, characterised by inflammation of the brain parenchyma, is a neurological emergency with diverse infectious, autoimmune and inflammatory causes. Delays in recognition and treatment carry significant risks of morbidity and mortality. Since the first UK guideline for management of suspected viral encephalitis in adults was published in 2012, there have been substantial developments in this field. Advances in molecular diagnostics, antibody testing, alongside improved access to neuroimaging and electrophysiology have broadened the capacity to identify underlying aetiologies. The recognised spectrum of infectious and immune-mediated causes has expanded, and clinical experience with immunomodulatory therapies has grown considerably. A multidisciplinary national working group, representing neurology, infectious diseases, microbiology, virology, neuroimmunology and acute medicine, alongside national professional and third-sector organisations, was convened in Liverpool in 2023 to develop updated UK Joint Societies guidelines for the management of suspected infectious and autoimmune encephalitis in adults. This guideline provides pragmatic, evidence-informed recommendations on clinical recognition, investigation, diagnosis, acute management and rehabilitation. It emphasises early identification and parallel consideration of infectious and immune-mediated causes, with particular attention to decision-making during the critical first 24-72hours of presentation. Standardised diagnostic and therapeutic pathways are presented to support consistent care across healthcare settings. Where the evidence base remains limited, the need for multidisciplinary input is highlighted. These recommendations aim to reduce mortality, limit long-term neurological morbidity and improve outcomes for adults with encephalitis across the UK.
Source: PubMed (PMID: 42863638)View Original on PubMed