Loneliness as an Embodied and Existential Phenomenon in Later Life: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis of European Studies.

Abstract

To explore how loneliness is characterised among community-dwelling older adults in European qualitative research. A qualitative meta-synthesis following Sandelowski and Barroso's interpretive framework. Qualitative studies published from 2015 onwards that explored loneliness among community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older in Europe were included. Data were extracted and synthesised using constant targeted comparison to identify similarities and differences across studies. A meta-summary was followed by an interpretive synthesis to develop an integrated understanding. Each study was appraised for methodological quality and typology of findings. CINAHL and PubMed were searched in March 2025 and updated in January 2026. PsycINFO was added in January 2026, supplemented by reference and citation tracking. Fourteen articles from seven countries were included. Two themes were generated: Loneliness as an embodied and enduring condition in later life describes how loneliness shifts from an emotional experience to one shaping identity, daily rhythms and coherence. The burden of silence illustrates how physical decline, reduced social access and stigma contribute to withdrawal, concealment and protective quietness that preserves dignity while deepening isolation. Together, the themes depict loneliness as an embodied and existential phenomenon shaping identity, everyday life and ageing. Loneliness in later life is an embodied and existential phenomenon that extends beyond social disconnection. These findings can help nurses recognise loneliness beyond social isolation and respond with person-centred care that supports dignity and meaningful everyday life. This review addresses limited understanding of how loneliness is lived in later life. Loneliness may become embodied, shape identity and everyday routines, and be concealed through silence. The findings may inform nurses caring for community-dwelling older adults in European contexts. Reported in accordance with ENTREQ guidelines. There was no patient or public contribution. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER CONTRIBUTE TO THE WIDER GLOBAL CLINICAL COMMUNITY?: Loneliness in later life is an embodied and existential experience that extends beyond social isolation and influences how older adults experience everyday life. Nurses should recognise that loneliness may be communicated through silence, changing routines and altered identity rather than through direct disclosure. Understanding loneliness as a lived experience can support more person-centred, relational nursing care that promotes dignity and meaningful engagement.