Thwarting the biothreat in the 21st century: means and methods.

Abstract

Technology has offered considerable means to create, enhance, and upkeep biosecurity during the last quarter-century. Mostly this refers to routine health promotion means, more or less modified for the much more complex environment of Biosecurity, which includes perpetrated biothreats and thus involves hostile intelligence set to nullify response. This narrative review describes the complexity of the field and presents to bioscience-cognitive audience an update of the current state-of-the-art approaches, their usefulness in Biosecurity applications and their suitability for the diverse current format. The research involved plain internet (Google) search engine and Pubmed searches with matching terms from May 2025 to January 2026. Regarding diagnostics, the Molecular Diagnostics applicable in Resource-Limited Settings, the serodiagnostics, now available in solid formats as Rapid Diagnostic Tests, improved and more powerful Microscopy and cultures updated to Culturomics are the focus. Support functions, from bioinformatics to remote and cybernetic applications, such as lab and diagnostic automations, increase responsiveness and flexibility. Intervention, the second major arm of Biosecurity is also evolving despite the scarcity of new antibiotics. Different classes of Bioamenities combined with advanced and controllable delivery methods emerge for routine medicine and may be adopted, adapted, and modified for Biosecurity use.