Spatiotemporal Patterns and Historical Overview of <i>Aedes</i> Mosquitoes in Iran: A Systematic Review.

Abstract

<i>Aedes</i> mosquitoes are among the most important vectors of arboviral diseases such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. Mapping their geographic and temporal patterns is essential for understanding disease risk and guiding vector control. This systematic review provides an updated synthesis of the spatial and temporal distribution of <i>Aedes</i> species across Iran. A comprehensive search of international (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) and national (SID, IranMedex, Magiran) databases was performed for studies published between 1980 and 2025. Eligible publications reporting the occurrence or distribution of <i>Aedes</i> mosquitoes were screened according to PRISMA guidelines. Data were extracted and analyzed descriptively to identify long-term spatial and temporal trends. Sixty-six studies met the inclusion criteria, covering more than 20 provinces and examining over 390,000 mosquito specimens. <i>Aedes caspius</i> was the dominant species nationwide, reflecting its high ecological adaptability. Invasive vectors, <i>Ae. aegypti</i> and <i>Ae. albopictus</i>, were recorded mainly in southern coastal provinces and, more recently, in the humid northern regions. Over time, surveys have evolved from scattered faunistic reports to systematic nationwide monitoring, revealing clear patterns of ecological expansion driven by climatic and environmental factors. Increasing reports, broader geographic distribution, and adaptability to diverse ecological settings indicate an ongoing expansion of <i>Aedes</i> mosquitoes in Iran. While these developments reflect successful entomological surveillance and public health efforts, enhanced preparedness and continuous monitoring are essential to manage potential <i>Aedes</i>-borne outbreaks effectively.