Effect of Dual-Task Training on Cognitive Function and Physical Condition in Adults With Intellectual Disabilities.

Abstract

This randomized controlled trial with repeated measures examined the effects of a 21-week dual-task training (DTT) program on choice reaction time (CRT), postural control, strength and body composition in individuals with intellectual disabilities. Fifty-seven participants with mild to moderate intellectual disability were assigned to an experimental or control group. The experimental group completed 63 training sessions, with evaluations at 12 and 21 weeks, while the control group carried out their regular activities. A significant reduction in CRT (p < 0.005) and improvements in postural control under dual-task (DT) conditions (p ≤ 0.041) were observed with no benefits for DT cost. Mean and maximum strength increased after 12 and 21 weeks (p ≤ 0.001). Changes in body composition were characterized by an increase in the percentage of muscle mass (p ≤ 0.001) and a reduction in fat mass (p = 0.010). These findings support the effectiveness of DTT for improving CRT and strength in individuals with intellectual disabilities. This study found that a 21‐week dual‐task training programme—combining physical and cognitive exercises—significantly improved reaction time, postural control, and muscle strength in adults with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. Participants in the program also showed favourable changes in body composition, including increased muscle mass and reduced body fat, which are important for everyday mobility and overall health. These improvements suggest that integrated cognitive‐motor training can enhance both physical and cognitive function, which may potentially promote greater independence and employability among individuals with intellectual disabilities For the research community, this study provides robust evidence that long‐term, structured dual‐task interventions are effective and feasible in adult populations with intellectual disabilities—a group often underrepresented in intervention studies.