Plants have long been a cornerstone of traditional medicine and nutrition, with their bioactive components contributing significantly to their medicinal value. One such plant genus with notable bioactive phytochemicals is Linum usitatissimum, commonly known as flax. Flax is an ancient crop primarily cultivated in the northern hemisphere, where it thrives in colder climates. Canada is currently the world’s largest producer of flaxseed, followed by China, Russia, the USA, India, Nepal, and several European countries. This plant is grown for both its fiber and its nutrient-rich seeds, known as flaxseeds or linseeds.

Flax fibers are used to produce the renowned textile linen, a material with a history spanning over 5,000 years [1]. Egyptian priests wore linen garments daily, and even the mummies of pharaohs were wrapped in fine linen fabrics, many of which have been preserved to this day. Linen is believed to offer several health benefits, such as improving blood circulation and enhancing sleep quality, while its unique frequency is currently being studied for its potential healing properties [2].

Given that the seed is the most utilized part of the plant, the whole plant is often referred to as the flaxseed plant. Flaxseed has been valued for centuries for its nutritional and therapeutic properties. Initially prized by indigenous communities, it has recently gained popularity among contemporary populations for its health benefits. In Ayurvedic medicine, flaxseed is renowned for its medicinal properties and healing potential. The gel derived from flaxseed is traditionally applied externally for healing bone fractures and treating skin conditions, while flaxseed oil is believed to enhance memory, improve blood circulation, boost immunity, and reduce bad cholesterol levels.

Flaxseed is an abundant source of proteins, lignans, omega-3 fatty acids, and other phytochemicals, providing numerous health advantages. It is reported to contain a high percentage (87.8-89.8%) of unsaturated fatty acids, making it an excellent source of healthy fats [3]. Research has shown that flaxseed oil is rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid essential for neuron myelination and memory formation [4]. Furthermore, flaxseed is a rich source of protein, comprising 23% of its total weight, and is considered a complete protein containing all essential amino acids. A comparative study revealed that flaxseed has a higher total protein content than soybeans, with a quality score of 82% [5].

The high fiber content in flaxseed helps absorb cholesterol and triglycerides, regulate blood sugar levels, and boost metabolism, thereby aiding in weight management [6]. Flaxseed is also rich in vitamins E and K, and essential minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, which support blood clotting, calcium deposition, and skin health [7].

Flaxseed’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties make it particularly beneficial for overall health. It is often recommended by doctors for heart disease, obesity, bone deformities, and especially for treating hormonal imbalances in women. As a phytoestrogen, flaxseed naturally balances estrogen, the hormone responsible for regulating bone mass density, menstruation, and various other processes in females. It is especially beneficial for women over the age of 45 who are approaching menopause [8].

To utilize its diverse properties, flaxseed is formulated into tablets, emulsions, and powders to treat various ailments. The most common formulation is flaxseed oil capsules, which are rich in fatty acids and are effective for enhancing memory, improving skin health, and supporting weight loss. These capsules serve as an excellent alternative to fish oil for vegetarians and vegans. Additionally, flaxseed can be incorporated into daily meals by adding flaxseed powder to cooked foods or using it as a seasoning for salads.

Despite its well-documented nutritional benefits, flaxseed remains underutilized. Given its potential, it is crucial to raise awareness about this beneficial seed and encourage its wider use in daily diets.