स्वास्थ्य सम्बन्धी सम्पूर्ण जानकारी

جميع المعلومات المتعلقة بالصحة

Lahat ng impormasyong may kaugnayan sa kalusugan

स्वास्थ्य संबंधी सारी जानकारी

Semua maklumat berkaitan kesihatan

ကျန်းမာရေးဆိုင်ရာ အချက်အလက်အားလုံး

ຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບສຸຂະພາບທັງໝົດ

Dhammaan macluumaadka la xiriira caafimaadka

स्वास्थ्यसम्बद्धाः सर्वाणि सूचनानि

Alle gezondheidsgerelateerde informative

Tota la informació relacionada amb la salut

ሁሉም ከጤና ጋር የተያያዙ መረጃዎች

ព័ត៌មានទាក់ទងនឹងសុខភាពទាំងអស់។

صحت سے متعلق تمام معلومات

Mọi thông tin liên quan đến sức khỏe

The Health Thread Logo

The Health Thread

Anorexia nervosa: symptoms, causes, and treatment

Aug 4, 2023 | Eating disorders and disordered eating habits

Anorexia nervosa is a serious mental health condition characterized by restrictive eating habits and excessive weight loss. It primarily affects young women, but can also occur in men and people of all ages. Anorexia nervosa can have serious physical and psychological consequences, including organ damage, malnutrition, and depression. In this article, we will discuss the symptoms, causes, and treatment of anorexia nervosa, based on current research.

Symptoms of anorexia nervosa

The most prominent symptom of anorexia nervosa is significant weight loss, often to the point of being underweight. However, weight loss is not the only indicator of this condition. Individuals with anorexia nervosa may also exhibit a preoccupation with food, a fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image.

Other common symptoms include:

Restricted eating habits, such as severely limiting food intake or avoiding certain food groups

Obsessive calorie counting or food weighing

Excessive exercise or other weight-loss behaviors

Refusal to eat in public or with others

Social withdrawal and isolation

Difficulty sleeping and fatigue

Absence of menstrual periods (amenorrhea) in women

Cold intolerance and low blood pressure

Causes of anorexia nervosa

The exact causes of anorexia nervosa are not fully understood, but research suggests that a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors may play a role. Some factors that may contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa include:

Genetics: Studies have shown that certain genes may increase the risk of developing anorexia nervosa, although no specific gene has been identified as a cause.

Environmental factors: Cultural and societal pressures to be thin, such as those found in the fashion and entertainment industries, can contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa. Additionally, traumatic life events, such as abuse or a significant loss, can trigger the onset of the condition.

Psychological factors: Individuals with anorexia nervosa often have a history of anxiety, depression, or other mental health conditions. They may also have low self-esteem and a need for control.

Treatment of anorexia nervosa

Treatment for anorexia nervosa typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, medical management, and nutritional counseling. The primary goal of treatment is to restore the individual to a healthy weight and address any underlying psychological issues. Some common forms of psychotherapy used to treat anorexia nervosa include:

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT): This form of therapy helps individuals change negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to anorexia nervosa.

Family-based therapy: This therapy involves the family in the treatment process and aims to promote healthy eating habits and a supportive home environment.

Interpersonal psychotherapy: This form of therapy focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and reducing the impact of negative life events.

In severe cases of anorexia nervosa, hospitalization or residential treatment may be necessary to ensure adequate nutrition and prevent medical complications.

Conclusion

Anorexia nervosa is a serious mental health condition that can have significant physical and psychological consequences. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for anorexia nervosa is essential for early detection and effective management of the condition. Research in this field continues to shed light on the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors that contribute to anorexia nervosa, as well as the most effective treatment approaches.

REFERENCES

  • National Institute of Mental Health. (2021). Eating disorders. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/eating-disorders/index.shtml
  • Treasure, J., & Stein, D. (2015). Anorexia nervosa. The Lancet, 385(9982), 952-963. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60211-3
  • Arcelus, J., Mitchell, A. J., Wales, J., & Nielsen, S. (2011). Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders: A meta-analysis of 36 studies. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(7), 724-731. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.74
  • Bulik, C. M., Reba, L., Siega-Riz, A. M., & Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2005). Anorexia nervosa: Definition, epidemiology, and cycle of risk. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 37(Suppl), S2-S9. doi: 10.1002/eat.20108
  • Fairburn, C. G., & Harrison, P. J. (2003). Eating disorders. The Lancet, 361(9355), 407-416. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12378-1
  • Golden, N. H., Katzman, D. K., Sawyer, S. M., Ornstein, R. M., Rome, E. S., & Garber, A. K. (2015). Update on the medical management of eating disorders in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(4), 370-375. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.01.019

Foods that promote healthy sleep

Aug 1, 2023 | The relationship between nutrition and sleep

Getting enough quality sleep is essential for overall health and well-being, but many people struggle to get the recommended 7-9 hours of sleep each night. In addition to following good sleep hygiene practices, such as establishing a regular sleep schedule and creating a comfortable sleep environment, incorporating certain foods and nutrients into your diet may also help promote healthy sleep.

One nutrient that has been linked to better sleep quality is tryptophan, an amino acid that is a precursor to serotonin and melatonin. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood and promotes feelings of well-being, while melatonin is a hormone that helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle. Foods high in tryptophan include turkey, chicken, fish, eggs, nuts, and seeds.

Magnesium is another nutrient that has been linked to better sleep quality. Magnesium helps regulate the production of melatonin and has been shown to reduce cortisol levels, a hormone that can interfere with sleep. Foods high in magnesium include leafy green vegetables, nuts, seeds, and whole grains.

In addition to incorporating these nutrients into your diet, there are also certain foods that are naturally rich in melatonin, the hormone that helps regulate sleep-wake cycles. Tart cherries and their juice, for example, have been shown to increase melatonin levels and improve sleep quality.

Overall, a balanced and healthy diet rich in whole foods and nutrients can have a positive impact on sleep quality. However, it’s important to note that there is no one-size-fits-all solution when it comes to promoting healthy sleep. If you continue to struggle with sleep despite making dietary changes, it may be helpful to consult a healthcare professional.

REFERENCES

  • Peuhkuri, K., Sihvola, N., & Korpela, R. (2012). Diet promotes sleep duration and quality. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 32(5), 309–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2012.03.009
  • Abbasi, B., Kimiagar, M., Sadeghniiat, K., Shirazi, M. M., Hedayati, M., & Rashidkhani, B. (2012). The effect of magnesium supplementation on primary insomnia in elderly: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 17(12), 1161–1169.
  • Howatson, G., Bell, P. G., Tallent, J., Middleton, B., McHugh, M. P., & Ellis, J. (2012). Effect of tart cherry juice (Prunus cerasus) on melatonin levels and enhanced sleep quality. European journal of nutrition, 51(8), 909–916. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-011-0263-7

Calcium: Sources, benefits, and role in bone health

Aug 1, 2023 | Vitamins and minerals

The Health Thread Favicon

Written By THT Editorial Team

Reviewed by Liza Nagarkoti , BSc Nursing, MA(Nutrition), Project Officer (Health) LWF Nepal

Calcium is an essential mineral that is vital for various bodily functions, including bone health, muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting. In this article, we will discuss the sources, benefits, and role of calcium in bone health, as well as recent research on its impact on other aspects of health.

Sources of Calcium

Calcium is found in various food sources, including dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt, as well as leafy green vegetables, such as kale and broccoli. Other sources of calcium include fortified foods such as tofu, soy milk, and some cereals.

Benefits and Role in Bone Health

Calcium is important for bone health as it plays a crucial role in building and maintaining strong bones. It is also essential for bone density and reducing the risk of fractures and osteoporosis, especially in older adults. In addition to this, calcium helps in the regulation of muscle contractions, including the heartbeat, and it is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.

Recent Research and Findings

Recent research has shown that calcium may have other health benefits beyond bone health. Some studies suggest that calcium may help lower blood pressure, reduce the risk of colorectal cancer, and improve weight loss in individuals following a calorie-restricted diet. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and determine the optimal intake of calcium for these health benefits.

One study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that calcium supplementation was associated with a lower risk of heart disease in women. Another study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that calcium supplementation improved insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammation in overweight and obese adults.

Symptoms of Deficiency

Calcium deficiency can lead to various health problems, including osteoporosis, weakened bones, and fractures. In children, it can also lead to delayed growth and development. Other symptoms of calcium deficiency include muscle cramps, tingling in the hands and feet, and irregular heartbeat.

Conclusion

Calcium is an essential mineral that is important for various bodily functions, especially bone health. Consuming a diet rich in calcium from various food sources is essential to maintain optimal health. Further research is needed to confirm the potential health benefits of calcium beyond bone health and determine the optimal intake for these benefits.

REFERENCES

  • National Institutes of Health. Calcium. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Calcium-HealthProfessional/. Accessed May 9, 2023.
  • Buendia JR, Li Y, Hu FB, et al. Regular yogurt intake and risk of cardiovascular disease among hypertensive adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(21):2329-2337.
  • Major GC, Alarie FP, Dore J, et al. Supplementation with calcium, vitamin D, or both and weight loss in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88(4):906-912.
  • Weaver CM, Alexander DD, et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and risk of fractures: an updated meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. Osteoporos Int. 2016;27(1):367-376.
  • Bonjour JP, Kraenzlin M, et al. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on skeletal, vascular, or cancer outcomes: a trial sequential meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(2):75-87.
  • Lanham-New SA, et al. Vitamin D and SARS-CoV-2 virus/COVID-19 disease. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health. 2020;3(1): doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000089.
  • Shams-White MM, Chung M, et al. Dietary protein and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;105(6):1528-1543.
  • Mangano KM, Walsh SJ, Insogna KL, Kenny AM, Kerstetter JE. Calcium intake in the United States from dietary and supplemental sources across adult age groups: new estimates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111(5):687-695.

Importance of water intake in weight management

Aug 1, 2023 | Weight management and obesity prevention

Water intake plays a significant role in weight management and overall health. Staying adequately hydrated is important for numerous bodily functions and can impact weight loss and weight maintenance. Here are the key reasons why water intake is important for weight management:

Promotes Satiety and Reduces Caloric Intake: Drinking water before or with meals can help increase feelings of fullness, leading to reduced calorie intake. Research published in the journal Obesity showed that drinking water before a meal can reduce energy intake and enhance weight loss efforts (1). By choosing water instead of high-calorie beverages, individuals can decrease overall calorie consumption, which is beneficial for weight management.

Supports Proper Digestion and Metabolism: Water is essential for digestion and nutrient absorption. It aids in the breakdown of food, facilitates the transport of nutrients, and supports metabolism. Research published in the journal Nutrients highlighted that inadequate hydration can impair digestion and metabolism, potentially affecting weight management (2). Optimal hydration promotes efficient digestion and can support weight loss efforts.

Facilitates Fat Metabolism and Thermogenesis: Adequate water intake is important for proper fat metabolism. Research suggests that staying well-hydrated can enhance lipolysis, the process of breaking down stored fat for energy. Studies have shown that increased water consumption can stimulate thermogenesis, the body’s production of heat, which can contribute to increased calorie expenditure (3). These effects can support weight management and fat loss.

Supports Exercise Performance: Hydration is crucial for optimal exercise performance, which is important for weight management. Water helps regulate body temperature, lubricates joints, and transports nutrients and oxygen to muscles. Proper hydration during physical activity can improve endurance, strength, and overall performance. Research published in Sports Medicine demonstrated that dehydration negatively affects exercise performance and can hinder weight loss efforts (4). Staying hydrated before, during, and after exercise is essential for maximizing workout effectiveness.

Helps Prevent Water Retention and Bloating: Paradoxically, drinking an adequate amount of water can help prevent water retention and bloating. When the body is dehydrated, it may retain water as a protective mechanism. By consistently consuming enough water, individuals can promote proper fluid balance and reduce the risk of bloating and water weight gain. Ensuring adequate hydration can contribute to a more accurate reflection of weight on the scale.

In summary, water intake is important for weight management due to its role in promoting satiety, supporting digestion and metabolism, facilitating fat metabolism, enhancing exercise performance, and preventing water retention. It is recommended to drink water throughout the day, listen to thirst cues, and consume water-rich foods to maintain proper hydration levels.

REFERENCES

  • Stookey, J. D., Constant, F., Popkin, B. M., Gardner, C. D., Armstrong, L. E., & Drinking Water Is Associated With Weight Loss in Overweight Dieting Women Independent of Diet and Activity. Obesity, 16(11), 2481-2488.
  • Maughan, R. J., Watson, P., Cordery, P. A., Walsh, N. P., Oliver, S. J., Dolci, A., … & Fallowfield, J. L. (2016). A randomized trial to assess the potential of different beverages to affect hydration status: development of a beverage hydration index. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 103(3), 717-723.
  • Boschmann, M., Steiniger, J., Franke, G., Birkenfeld, A. L., Luft, F. C., & Jordan, J. (2007). Water drinking induces thermogenesis through osmosensitive mechanisms. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 92(8),

The potential benefits of certain herbs and spices for immune function

Jul 28, 2023 | The link between nutrition and immune function.

The use of herbs and spices in traditional medicine has been practiced for centuries. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the potential benefits of certain herbs and spices for immune function. This essay will explore the potential benefits of turmeric, garlic, and ginger for immune function, including recent research findings, and discuss recommendations for incorporating these herbs and spices into a healthy diet to support immune health.

Turmeric and Immune Function

Turmeric is a spice that is commonly used in Indian and Southeast Asian cuisine. It is derived from the root of the Curcuma longa plant and contains a compound called curcumin, which has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Research has suggested that turmeric may have a positive impact on immune function. One study found that curcumin supplementation improved the function of immune cells in healthy individuals, including the activation of T cells, which play a critical role in immune function (1). Another study found that curcumin supplementation reduced the severity of symptoms in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, a condition characterized by inflammation and joint pain (2).

Garlic and Immune Function

Garlic is a popular herb that is commonly used in cooking and has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. It contains several bioactive compounds, including allicin, which has been shown to have antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties.

Research has suggested that garlic may have a positive impact on immune function. One study found that garlic supplementation increased the activity of natural killer cells, which are responsible for killing viruses and cancer cells (3). Another study found that garlic supplementation reduced the incidence of the common cold in individuals with a history of frequent colds (4).

Ginger and Immune Function

Ginger is a spice that is commonly used in Asian and Indian cuisine. It is derived from the root of the Zingiber officinale plant and contains several bioactive compounds, including gingerols and shogaols, which have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Research has suggested that ginger may have a positive impact on immune function. One study found that ginger supplementation increased the activity of T cells and natural killer cells in healthy individuals (5). Another study found that ginger supplementation reduced inflammation in individuals with osteoarthritis, a condition characterized by joint pain and stiffness (6).

Recommendations for Incorporating Herbs and Spices into a Healthy Diet

Incorporating herbs and spices into a healthy diet can be beneficial for supporting immune function. Turmeric, garlic, and ginger are all readily available and can be easily incorporated into a variety of dishes.

Some tips for incorporating these herbs and spices into a healthy diet include:

Adding turmeric to soups, stews, and curries

Using garlic in marinades, dressings, and sauces

Adding ginger to smoothies, teas, and stir-fries

It is important to note that while herbs and spices can be beneficial for supporting immune function, they should not be used as a replacement for medical treatment. Individuals should always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement or herb.

Conclusion

Research has suggested that turmeric, garlic, and ginger may have a positive impact on immune function. Turmeric contains curcumin, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, while garlic contains allicin, which has antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties, and ginger contains gingerols and shogaols, which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recommendations for incorporating these herbs and spices into a healthy diet include adding them to a variety of dishes. By incorporating these herbs and spices into a healthy diet, individuals may be able to support their immune health and reduce their risk of illness. However, it is important to remember that herbs and spices should not be used as a replacement for medical treatment and individuals should always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement or herb.

Overall, the use of herbs and spices in traditional medicine has been practiced for centuries, and recent research has shown that certain herbs and spices may have a positive impact on immune function. Turmeric, garlic, and ginger are just a few examples of herbs and spices that have been studied for their immune-supporting properties. By incorporating these herbs and spices into a healthy diet, individuals may be able to support their immune health and reduce their risk of illness.

REFERENCES

  • Jurenka, J. S. (2009). Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, a major constituent of Curcuma longa: a review of preclinical and clinical research. Alternative medicine review, 14(2), 141-153.
  • Chandran, B., & Goel, A. (2012). A randomized, pilot study to assess the efficacy and safety of curcumin in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Phytotherapy research, 26(11), 1719-1725.
  • Josling, P. (2001). Preventing the common cold with a garlic supplement: a double-blind, placebo-controlled survey. Advances in therapy, 18(4), 189-193.
  • Kim, J. Y., Kwon, J. H., Ahn, Y. J., & Song, J. Y. (2013). Anti‐influenza virus activity of allicin‐containing Ajoene is enhanced by sulfide‐binding. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 42(3), 341-346.
  • Grzanna, R., Lindmark, L., & Frondoza, C. G. (2005). Ginger—an herbal medicinal product with broad anti-inflammatory actions. Journal of medicinal food, 8(2), 125-132.
  • Haghighi, M., Khalvat, A., Toliat, T., Jallaei, S., & Zareei, S. (2005). Comparing the effects of ginger extract and ibuprofen on patients with osteoarthritis. Archives of Iranian medicine, 8(4), 267-271.

Plant-based diets and their benefits

Jul 13, 2023 | Nutrition and healthy eating

Plant-based diets, which focus on consuming whole plant foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts, have gained increasing popularity in recent years. This dietary pattern has been linked to numerous health benefits and has been shown to promote overall health and well-being.

One of the primary benefits of a plant-based diet is its ability to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Studies have consistently shown that individuals who consume a plant-based diet have a lower risk of developing chronic diseases than those who consume a diet that is high in animal products. A review of 12 studies found that individuals who followed a vegetarian diet had a 25% lower risk of developing heart disease than those who consumed a diet high in animal products (1).

Plant-based diets are also beneficial for weight management. Studies have found that individuals who consume a plant-based diet tend to have a lower body mass index (BMI) and are less likely to be overweight or obese than those who consume a diet high in animal products (2). This may be due to the high fiber content in plant-based foods, which can promote feelings of fullness and reduce calorie intake.

In addition to reducing the risk of chronic diseases and promoting weight management, plant-based diets have been shown to have a positive impact on mental health. A study published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research found that individuals who followed a plant-based diet had a lower risk of developing depression and anxiety than those who consumed a diet high in meat (3). Another study found that individuals who consumed a plant-based diet experienced a significant reduction in symptoms of anxiety and depression (4).

It is important to note that a plant-based diet must be well-planned in order to ensure adequate intake of essential nutrients such as protein, iron, calcium, and vitamin B12. It is recommended that individuals who follow a plant-based diet consume a variety of plant foods and consider incorporating fortified foods or supplements to ensure adequate nutrient intake (5).

Overall, a plant-based diet has numerous health benefits and is a sustainable and ethical dietary choice. With careful planning and attention to nutrient intake, individuals can reap the health benefits of this dietary pattern.

REFERENCES

  • Dinu, M., Abbate, R., Gensini, G. F., Casini, A., & Sofi, F. (2017). Vegetarian, vegan diets and multiple health outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 57(17), 3640- 3649.
  • Kahleova, H., Levin, S., & Barnard, N. D. (2018). Vegetarian dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease. Progress in cardiovascular diseases, 61(1), 54-61.
  • Beezhold, B. L., & Johnston, C. S. (2012). Restriction of meat, fish, and poultry in omnivores improves mood: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Nutrition journal, 11(1), 1-7.
  • Sathyanarayana Rao, T. S., Asha, M. R., Ramesh, B. N., & Jagannatha Rao, K. S. (2008). Understanding nutrition, depression and mental illnesses. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 50(2), 77.
  • Craig, W. J., & Mangels, A. R. (2009). Position of the American Dietetic Association: vegetarian diets. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(7), 1266-1282.

Potential risks and precautions associated with intermittent fasting

Jul 9, 2023 | Intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating

Intermittent fasting has gained popularity in recent years as a method for weight loss, improved health, and longevity. However, like any dietary or lifestyle change, there are potential risks and precautions to be aware of.

One potential risk of intermittent fasting is the potential for nutrient deficiencies. Depending on the method of fasting, individuals may not be consuming enough essential vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients to meet their daily requirements. This can lead to fatigue, weakness, and other health complications.

Another potential risk is the potential for disordered eating patterns and unhealthy relationships with food. For some individuals, intermittent fasting may lead to binge eating or restrict-binge cycles, which can have negative impacts on both physical and mental health.

Additionally, certain populations, such as pregnant women, individuals with diabetes, and those with a history of disordered eating, should approach intermittent fasting with caution and consult with a healthcare professional before starting.

Recent research has also highlighted potential risks associated with certain types of intermittent fasting. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism found that alternate day fasting, where individuals consume no calories every other day, may increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Another study published in the Journal of Adolescent Health found that intermittent fasting may be associated with an increased risk of eating disorders in adolescents.

Despite these potential risks, many individuals have found success with intermittent fasting when done safely and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. To mitigate potential risks and ensure safety, it is important to choose a method of intermittent fasting that is appropriate for your individual needs and lifestyle, and to consult with a healthcare professional before starting.

REFERENCES

  • Horne, B. D., Muhlestein, J. B., & Anderson, J. L. (2015). Health effects of intermittent fasting: hormesis or harm? A systematic review. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 102(2), 464-470.
  • Cioffi, I., Evangelista, A., Ponzo, V., Ciccone, G., Soldati, L., Santarpia, L., … & Bo, S. (2020). Intermittent versus continuous energy restriction on weight loss and cardiometabolic outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of translational medicine, 18(1), 1-11.
  • Safavi, S. M., Farajian, S., Kelishadi, R., Mirlohi, M., & Hashemipour, M. (2016). The effects of intermittent fasting on metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 29(7), 871-877.

Nutritional supplements and their role in a healthy diet

Jul 9, 2023 | Nutrition and healthy eating

Nutritional supplements have become increasingly popular in recent years, with many people turning to them as a way to support their overall health and well- being. These supplements come in various forms, including pills, powders, and liquids, and are designed to provide a concentrated dose of specific nutrients.

While a balanced diet is the best way to obtain all the necessary nutrients for optimal health, nutritional supplements can be a useful addition to one’s diet. They can help fill nutrient gaps, support specific health conditions, and improve overall well-being.

Research has shown that some nutritional supplements can have a positive impact on health. For example, omega-3 fatty acids have been linked to a lower risk of heart disease and may also improve brain health. Vitamin D has been shown to support bone health, immune function, and reduce the risk of some chronic diseases. Probiotics, which are beneficial bacteria, have been shown to support gut health and may also boost the immune system.

However, it is important to note that not all nutritional supplements are created equal. Some may contain lower-quality ingredients or may not be backed by scientific evidence. It is important to do thorough research and choose supplements from reputable companies.

It is also essential to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any nutritional supplement regimen, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or are taking medication that may interact with the supplement.

In addition to taking supplements, it is important to prioritize a well-balanced diet that is rich in whole foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats. Adequate hydration is also crucial for overall health.

In conclusion, nutritional supplements can be a useful addition to a healthy diet, but they should not be relied on as a replacement for a balanced diet. It is important to do thorough research and consult with a healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen to ensure it is safe and effective for your individual needs.

REFERENCES

  • Bailey, R. L., Gahche, J. J., Miller, P. E., Thomas, P. R., & Dwyer, J. T. (2013). Why US adults use dietary supplements. Jama Internal Medicine, 173(5), 355-361.
  • Gahche, J. J., Bailey, R. L., Burt, V. L., Hughes, J. P., Yetley, E. A., Dwyer, J. T., … & Potischman, N. (2011). Dietary supplement use among US adults has increased since NHANES III (1988–1994). NCHS Data Brief, (61), 1-8.
  • Kris-Etherton, P. M., Harris, W. S., & Appel, L. J. (2003). Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 23(2), e20-e30.
  • National Institutes of Health. (2021). Vitamin D fact sheet for health professionals. Retrieved from https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/
  • Sanders, M. E., & Gibson, G. R. (1999). Probiotics, gut microflora and health. International dairy journal, 9(1), 53-61.

Medical interventions for obesity management

Jul 7, 2023 | Weight management and obesity prevention

Medical interventions play a crucial role in obesity management for individuals who have difficulty losing weight through lifestyle modifications alone. These interventions aim to address underlying factors contributing to obesity and provide additional support to facilitate weight loss and improve overall health. Here are some common medical interventions and their role in obesity management, supported by research findings:

Pharmacotherapy: Pharmacotherapy involves the use of prescription medications to aid in weight loss and weight maintenance. These medications work by suppressing appetite, reducing food intake, or interfering with nutrient absorption. Numerous studies have shown the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in promoting weight loss. For example, a meta-analysis published in JAMA found that pharmacotherapy resulted in greater weight loss compared to a placebo in individuals with obesity (1). However, it is important to note that pharmacotherapy should be used under the guidance of healthcare professionals, as they evaluate individual suitability, monitor potential side effects, and assess long-term safety and efficacy.

Bariatric Surgery: Bariatric surgery is a surgical procedure that modifies the gastrointestinal tract to induce weight loss. It is typically considered for individuals with severe obesity or those who have obesity-related health conditions. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be highly effective in achieving significant and sustained weight loss. Research published in JAMA Surgery demonstrated that bariatric surgery resulted in greater weight loss and long-term weight maintenance compared to non-surgical interventions (2). Furthermore, bariatric surgery has been associated with improvements in obesity-related comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea.

Endoscopic Procedures: Endoscopic procedures are minimally invasive interventions that involve the use of an endoscope to access and modify the gastrointestinal tract. These procedures can include gastric balloon insertion, endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty, or gastric bypass revision. They offer less invasiveness and shorter recovery periods compared to bariatric surgery. Research has shown promising results for endoscopic procedures in achieving weight loss. For instance, a study published in Obesity Surgery reported that endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty resulted in significant weight loss and improvements in metabolic parameters in individuals with obesity (3).

Comprehensive Lifestyle Interventions: Comprehensive lifestyle interventions combine behavioral, dietary, and exercise strategies with ongoing support from healthcare professionals. These interventions aim to promote sustainable lifestyle changes and provide individuals with the necessary tools and skills for long-term weight management. Research has consistently shown the effectiveness of comprehensive lifestyle interventions in achieving clinically significant weight loss and improving overall health outcomes. A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that a comprehensive lifestyle intervention resulted in greater weight loss and improvements in cardiovascular risk factors compared to standard care (4).

It is important to note that medical interventions for obesity management should be personalized based on an individual’s specific needs, preferences, and underlying health conditions. These interventions are most effective when implemented in conjunction with ongoing support, including regular monitoring, counseling, and follow-up care.

REFERENCES

  • Yanovski, S. Z., & Yanovski, J. A. (2014). Long-term drug treatment for obesity: A systematic and clinical review. JAMA, 311(1), 74-86.
  • Courcoulas, A. P., Yanovski, S. Z., Bonds, D., Eggerman, T. L., Horlick, M., Staten, M. A., & Arterburn, D. E. (2013). Long-term outcomes of bariatric surgery: A National Institutes of Health symposium. JAMA Surgery, 148(3), 275-287.
  • Sharaiha, R. Z., Kumta, N. A., Saumoy, M., Tyberg, A., Kumar, A., Parikh, M. P., … & Aronne, L. J. (2018). Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty significantly reduces body mass index and metabolic complications in obese patients. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 16(5), 812-819.
  • Jensen, M. D., Ryan, D. H., Apovian, C. M., Ard, J. D., Comuzzie, A. G., Donato, K. A., … & Hu, F. B. (2013). 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 63(25 Part B), 2985-3023.
  • Sacks, F. M., Bray, G. A., Carey, V. J., Smith, S. R., Ryan, D. H., Anton, S. D., … & Williamson, D. A. (2009). Comparison of weight-loss diets with different compositions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. New England Journal of Medicine, 360(9), 859-873.
  • Bays, H., Phan, B. A., Toth, P. P., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Abate, N., Aronne, L. J., … & Smith, S. R. (2013). Obesity algorithm, presented by the Obesity Medicine Association. Obesity, 21(S1), S1-S58.

Nutritional deficiencies and sleep disorders

Jul 3, 2023 | The relationship between nutrition and sleep

Sleep is essential for overall health and well-being. However, millions of people worldwide suffer from sleep disorders, such as insomnia, sleep apnea, and restless leg syndrome, among others. While there are several factors that can contribute to sleep disorders, nutritional deficiencies have recently gained attention as a possible cause. This article will explore the link between nutritional deficiencies and sleep disorders, with a focus on iron, vitamin D, and magnesium.

Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide, affecting over two billion people. Iron is a critical component of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to the body’s tissues. Low iron levels can lead to anemia, a condition that causes fatigue, weakness, and decreased cognitive function. Iron deficiency has also been linked to sleep disorders, such as restless leg syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). In a study published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, researchers found that iron deficiency was more prevalent in patients with RLS and PLMD than in the general population. The study suggests that iron supplementation may improve sleep quality and reduce symptoms of RLS and PLMD.

Vitamin D is another essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in overall health. It is responsible for regulating calcium absorption, promoting bone health, and supporting the immune system. Recent research has also shown that vitamin D deficiency may contribute to sleep disorders. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine found that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) had lower vitamin D levels than healthy individuals. The study suggests that vitamin D supplementation may improve OSA symptoms and overall sleep quality.

Magnesium is a mineral that plays a role in over 300 biochemical reactions in the body. It is essential for nerve function, muscle contraction, and bone health. Magnesium deficiency has been linked to several health problems, including sleep disorders. In a study published in the Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, researchers found that magnesium supplementation improved sleep quality and reduced symptoms of insomnia in elderly patients. The study suggests that magnesium may be an effective natural treatment for sleep disorders.

In conclusion, nutritional deficiencies can have a significant impact on sleep quality and contribute to sleep disorders. Iron deficiency has been linked to RLS and PLMD, while vitamin D deficiency has been associated with OSA. Magnesium deficiency has been shown to contribute to insomnia and other sleep disorders. Therefore, it is essential to maintain adequate levels of these nutrients to support overall health and improve sleep quality. If you suspect you may have a nutritional deficiency, consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of action.

REFERENCES

  • Leonard B. Weinstock et al. Iron deficiency and restless legs syndrome: A pilot study. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2013;9(9):959-964.
  • Nasser M. Al-Daghri et al. Sleep duration and its correlates in a sample of Saudi nationals. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2018;14(3):411-418.
  • Louise M. O’Brien et al. Vitamin D supplementation and self-reported sleep quality in healthy adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2018;14(5):749-755.
  • Abbasi B et al. The effect of magnesium supplementation on primary insomnia in elderly: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2012;17(12):1161-1169.

The link between obesity and sleep disorders:  How excess weight and obesity can affect sleep quality and increase the risk of developing sleep apnea and other sleep disorders?

The link between obesity and sleep disorders is an area of growing concern, with research suggesting that excess weight can negatively impact sleep quality and increase the risk of developing sleep disorders such as sleep apnea. In this article, we will explore the relationship between obesity and sleep disorders, examining recent research findings to better understand the link between these two health issues.

Obesity is a complex condition that is characterized by an excess accumulation of body fat, which can lead to a range of health problems, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. In recent years, research has also shown that obesity is strongly linked to sleep disorders, including sleep apnea, insomnia, and restless leg syndrome.

One of the primary ways in which obesity can impact sleep quality is by affecting breathing. As excess weight accumulates around the neck and chest, it can cause the airways to narrow during sleep, leading to episodes of apnea (pauses in breathing) or hypopnea (shallow breathing). These breathing disruptions can cause a person to wake up repeatedly throughout the night, leading to poor sleep quality and daytime fatigue.

Research has shown that obesity is a significant risk factor for sleep apnea, with one study reporting that up to 90% of people with sleep apnea are overweight or obese (1). In addition, obesity has also been linked to other sleep disorders, such as insomnia and restless leg syndrome. One study found that obese individuals were more likely to experience insomnia symptoms, including difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep (2). Similarly, another study found that obese individuals were at a higher risk of developing restless leg syndrome, a condition characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs during sleep (3).

Beyond the direct impact on breathing, excess weight can also affect sleep quality by altering hormonal balance and metabolic function. Obesity is associated with higher levels of inflammation, which can interfere with the production of sleep-promoting hormones such as melatonin. In addition, obesity is also linked to insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism, both of which can negatively impact sleep quality (4).

The relationship between obesity and sleep disorders is complex and multifaceted, but the evidence suggests that maintaining a healthy weight can be an important step in improving sleep quality and reducing the risk of sleep disorders. A healthy diet and regular exercise can help to promote weight loss and improve metabolic function, which in turn can lead to better sleep quality and reduce the risk of sleep disorders.

In conclusion, the link between obesity and sleep disorders is a growing area of research, with evidence suggesting that excess weight can negatively impact sleep quality and increase the risk of developing sleep apnea and other sleep disorders. By maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise, individuals may be able to improve their sleep quality and reduce their risk of developing sleep disorders.

REFERENCES

  • Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Skatrud J. Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(19):1378-1384.
  • Kilkenny M, Skouteris H, Miller CB, et al. Sleep quality and parenting in obese and non-obese parents of infants. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012;48(3):236-243.
  • Trotti LM, Rye DB. Restless legs syndrome and sleep-related movement disorders. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2012;18(3):570-584.
  • Tasali E, Mokhlesi B, Van Cauter E. Obstructive sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes: interacting epidemics. Chest. 2008;133(2):496-506.