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Building resilience for better mental health

Nov 17, 2023 | Mental health and well being

Resilience refers to an individual’s ability to cope with and recover from stress and adversity. Building resilience is an important aspect of promoting better mental health and well-being. Here are some ways to build resilience:

Practice mindfulness: Mindfulness is the practice of being present in the moment and paying attention to your thoughts and feelings without judgment. It can help you manage stress, increase self-awareness, and improve mental clarity.

Stay connected: Social support is important for building resilience. Staying connected with friends, family, and community can help you feel supported and reduce feelings of isolation.

Practice self-care: Taking care of yourself is important for building resilience. This includes eating a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, and engaging in regular physical activity.

Develop problem-solving skills: Being able to solve problems effectively can help you feel more in control and better able to cope with adversity. Practice identifying problems and coming up with effective solutions.

Build a positive outlook: Cultivating a positive outlook can help you cope with stress and adversity. Practice gratitude, optimism, and finding the silver lining in difficult situations.

Seek professional help: If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, or other mental health issues, seek professional help. A mental health professional can help you develop coping strategies and provide support.

By building resilience, individuals can improve their mental health and well-being, and better cope with stress and adversity. here are some factors that can contribute to building resilience:

Social support: Having strong relationships with family, friends, or a support group can provide emotional support, encouragement, and a sense of belonging.

Coping strategies: Developing positive coping strategies, such as exercise, mindfulness, or journaling, can help manage stress and anxiety.

Positive mindset: Maintaining a positive outlook on life, focusing on the present moment, and practicing gratitude can help improve mental well-being.

Problem-solving skills: Learning how to solve problems and make effective decisions can help build confidence and resilience.

Self-care: Taking care of physical health by eating a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, and exercising regularly can also positively impact mental health.

These factors can help individuals cope with challenging situations and develop the skills necessary to bounce back from adversity.

What is Gurjo, Giloy or Guduchi ? What are its medicinal benefits ?

Nov 14, 2023 | Alternative and complementary medicine

Tinospora cordifolia, commonly known as Guduchi or Giloy, is a medicinal plant native to India and other parts of Southeast Asia. It has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine for its therapeutic properties. Tinospora cordifolia is known for its immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective effects. Here are some of its medicinal benefits supported by research:

Immunomodulatory activity:

Tinospora cordifolia has been found to enhance the immune system by stimulating the production of white blood cells and promoting the activity of immune cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes. It helps in improving immune responses and protecting against infections and diseases.

REFERENCES

  • Mishra, R., Kaur, G., Singh, S., & Arora, R. (2018). Immunomodulatory potential of Tinospora cordifolia and its polysaccharide extract: An overview. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 56(8), 660-671.

Antioxidant properties:

The plant contains several bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolics, which exhibit potent antioxidant activity. These compounds help in reducing oxidative stress by neutralizing harmful free radicals and protecting cells from damage caused by oxidative reactions.

REFERENCES

  •  Patel, S. S., & Goyal, R. K. (2012). Antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia. Pharmaceutical Biology, 50(3), 360-365.

Anti-inflammatory effects:

Tinospora cordifolia possesses anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce inflammation and alleviate associated symptoms. It inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory molecules and mediators, thereby reducing the inflammatory response in the body.

REFERENCES

  • Jagetia, G. C., & Rao, S. K. (2006). Evaluation of the antineoplastic activity of guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) in cultured HeLa cells. Cancer Letters, 231(2), 206-214.

Antimicrobial activity:

Extracts from Tinospora cordifolia have shown antimicrobial activity against various bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. They can inhibit the growth and replication of pathogens and help in combating infections.

REFERENCES

  • Sharma, U., Bala, M., Kumar, N., Singh, B., & Munshi, R. K. (2012). Bacterial resistance to commonly used antimicrobials in wound infections: A study at a Tertiary Care Hospital. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 30(4), 456-459.

Hepatoprotective effects:

Tinospora cordifolia has been found to possess hepatoprotective properties, protecting the liver against damage caused by toxins, drugs, and other substances. It helps in promoting liver health and improving liver function.

REFERENCES

  • Singh, N., Kumar, S., Singh, P., Raj, H. G., & Jaiswal, D. K. (2016). Phytochemical and hepatoprotective activity of Tinospora cordifolia against antitubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 192, 67-76.

These are just a few of the medicinal benefits associated with Tinospora cordifolia. However, it’s important to note that further research is still needed to explore its full therapeutic potential and determine appropriate dosage and usage guidelines for different health conditions.

Balancing work, family, and mental health: Tips for success

Nov 13, 2023 | Mental health and well being

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Written By THT Editorial Team

Dr. Kamal Gautam

Reviewed by Dr. Kamal Gautam, MBBS(KU), MD Psych (IOM), Currently working at Transcultural Psychological Organization Nepal (TPO Nepal)

Balancing work, family, and mental health can be challenging because each area demands time and attention, and when one area is neglected, it can impact the others. For example, if a person is experiencing stress at work, it can affect their mood and behavior at home, leading to conflicts with family members. Similarly, if a person is experiencing family problems, it can cause stress and distraction at work, leading to decreased productivity.

To prioritize and balance these areas, it’s important to set clear boundaries and communicate them with family members and employers. It’s also important to prioritize self-care, such as engaging in activities that promote mental and physical well-being. This could include exercise, meditation, or hobbies that provide a sense of fulfillment and relaxation.

In addition, it can be helpful to create a schedule or routine that allows for time and attention to be given to each area, while also allowing for flexibility and adaptability when unexpected challenges arise. Seeking support from loved ones and mental health professionals can also be helpful in managing stress and finding a healthy balance.

Here are some tips for success:

  1. Prioritize self-care:Make time for activities that promote relaxation and self-care, such as exercise, meditation, or hobbies that you enjoy.
  2. Set boundaries: It’s essential to set boundaries to avoid burnout. Learn to say no to unnecessary demands and prioritize tasks based on their level of importance.
  3. Communicate effectively: Effective communication is key to balancing work and family life. Clearly communicate your needs and expectations to your colleagues and family members.
  4. Practice time management: Effective time management can help you balance work and family commitments. Prioritize tasks and delegate when necessary.
  5. Seek support:Reach out to friends, family, or mental health professionals for support when needed. Don’t be afraid to ask for help.

By prioritizing self-care, setting boundaries, communicating effectively, practicing time management, and seeking support, you can successfully balance work, family, and mental health.

Iron: Sources, benefits, and role in oxygen transport

Nov 10, 2023 | Vitamins and minerals

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Written By THT Editorial Team

Reviewed by Liza Nagarkoti , BSc Nursing, MA(Nutrition), Project Officer (Health) LWF Nepal

Iron is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, including the transport of oxygen in the blood. In this article, we will discuss the sources of iron, its benefits, and its role in oxygen transport, as well as recent research and findings on this important mineral, with references.

Sources of Iron

Iron is found in a variety of foods, both animal and plant-based. Here are some sources of iron:

Red meat, poultry, and fish

Beans, lentils, and peas

Tofu and tempeh

Nuts and seeds

Fortified cereals and bread

Dark leafy green vegetables, such as spinach and kale

Benefits of Iron

Iron is essential for many bodily functions, including:

Oxygen transport: Iron is a component of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Without enough iron, the body cannot produce enough hemoglobin, leading to anemia.

Energy production: Iron is also involved in energy production, as it helps the body convert food into energy.

Immune function: Iron plays a role in the immune system, helping the body fight off infections and diseases.

Role of Iron in Oxygen Transport

Iron’s role in oxygen transport is perhaps its most well-known function. Hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, is made up of four protein chains, each of which contains a heme group. The heme group contains iron, which binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it in the tissues.

Recent Research and Findings

Recent research has shed new light on iron and its role in the body. Here are some recent findings:

Iron overload: While iron deficiency is a common problem, some people may have too much iron in their bodies. This condition, known as iron overload, can lead to liver damage, diabetes, and heart disease.

Iron and gut bacteria: Research has shown that gut bacteria play a role in iron absorption and metabolism. Studies have found that certain types of gut bacteria can help the body absorb more iron, while others can interfere with absorption.

Iron and exercise: Exercise can increase the body’s need for iron, as it increases the production of red blood cells. Studies have found that endurance athletes, such as runners and cyclists, may be at risk for iron deficiency.

Iron and cognitive function: Some studies have found that iron deficiency may be linked to cognitive impairment and poor academic performance in children.

Conclusion

Iron is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, including the transport of oxygen in the blood. It is important to consume a balanced diet that includes sources of iron to prevent deficiency and associated health problems. Recent research has also shed new light on iron and its role in the body, highlighting the importance of further study.

REFERENCES

  • National Institutes of Health. Iron. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-HealthProfessional/. Accessed May 9, 2023.
  • Heath AL, Fairweather-Tait SJ. Clinical implications of changes in the modern diet: iron intake, absorption and status. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2002;15(2):225-241.
  • Jáuregui-Lobera I. Iron deficiency and cognitive functions. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014;10:2087-2095.
  • Kraml P, Štěpánková R, Černý J, et al. The gut microbiota influences blood iron status in humans. Gut Microbes. 2020;11(1):75-86.

 Children and iron deficiency

Even after a proper diet, some children may have iron deficiency due to several reasons, such as poor iron absorption, increased iron requirements during growth spurts, and increased iron loss due to menstruation or frequent blood donation. Additionally, certain medical conditions such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or chronic kidney disease can also cause iron deficiency in children.

The symptoms of iron deficiency in children can include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and irritability, poor appetite, delayed growth and development, and increased susceptibility to infections. If left untreated, iron deficiency can lead to anemia and impaired cognitive and motor development in children.

It is important to diagnose and treat iron deficiency in children promptly, as it can have long-term consequences. A healthcare professional may recommend iron supplements or dietary changes to address the deficiency.

REFERENCES

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Iron deficiency – United States, 1999-2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002;51(40):897-899.
  • Kotecha PV. Nutritional anemia in young children with focus on Asia and India. Indian J Community Med. 2011;36(1):8-16.
  • World Health Organization. Iron Deficiency Anaemia: Assessment, Prevention, and Control. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2001.

The role of exercise and nutrition in mental health

Nov 9, 2023 | Mental health and well being

The role of exercise and nutrition in mental health has become an increasingly popular topic of research in recent years. Studies have shown that regular exercise and a balanced diet can have significant positive effects on mental health.

Exercise has been shown to have both immediate and long-term benefits for mental health. Short-term effects of exercise include increased endorphin release, which can help to reduce stress and improve mood. In the long term, regular exercise has been linked to a reduced risk of developing anxiety and depression.

In addition to exercise, proper nutrition is also crucial for maintaining good mental health. A balanced diet that includes essential nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, and vitamin D has been linked to a reduced risk of depression and anxiety. Conversely, a diet that is high in processed foods and sugar has been linked to an increased risk of depression and anxiety.

Recent research has also highlighted the role of gut health in mental health. The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication pathway between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system, and research has shown that gut microbiota can have a significant impact on mental health.

In a study published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research, researchers found that individuals who consumed a probiotic supplement containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium had reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety compared to those who received a placebo. Another study published in the journal Nutrients found that a diet that promotes a healthy gut microbiota is associated with reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Overall, the role of exercise and nutrition in mental health is an important area of research that continues to gain attention. By prioritizing physical activity, consuming a balanced diet, and promoting gut health, individuals can take steps to improve their mental health and well-being.

REFERENCES

  • Mikkelsen, K., Stojanovska, L., Prakash, M., Apostolopoulos, V. (2017). The effects of vitamin B on the immune/cytokine network and their involvement in depression. Maturitas, 96, 58-71. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.11.005
  • Opie, R. S., O’Neil, A., Itsiopoulos, C., Jacka, F. N. (2018). The impact of whole-of- diet interventions on depression and anxiety: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Public Health Nutrition, 21(15), 2781-2791. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018001386
  • Wallace, C. J. K., Milev, R. (2017). The effects of probiotics on depressive symptoms in humans: A systematic review. Annals of General Psychiatry, 16, 14. doi: 10.1186/s12991-017-0138-2
  • Wong, M. L., Inserra, A., Lewis, M. D., Mastronardi, C. A., Leong, L., Choo, J., Kentish, S. J., Wesselingh, S. L., Rogers, G. B., Licinio, J. (2016). Inflammasome signaling affects anxiety- and depressive-like behavior and gut microbiome composition. Molecular Psychiatry, 21(6), 797-805. doi: 10.1038/mp.2016.46

Health equity and social justice movements

Nov 5, 2023 | Health disparities and equity

Research findings on health equity and social justice movements highlight the importance of addressing structural and systemic factors that contribute to health disparities and inequities. These movements advocate for fair and just distribution of healthcare resources, policies, and practices to ensure that everyone has an equal opportunity to achieve optimal health outcomes. Here are some research findings and references related to health equity and social justice movements:

Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequities: Research has consistently demonstrated the impact of social determinants of health on health inequities. Factors such as income, education, employment, housing, and access to healthcare significantly influence health outcomes. Studies have shown that addressing these social determinants is crucial for achieving health equity (Braveman et al., 2017; Marmot, 2020; Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2021).

Health Disparities and Racial/Ethnic Inequities: Research has highlighted the existence of health disparities and racial/ethnic inequities in healthcare. Studies have shown that racial and ethnic minorities often experience poorer health outcomes, reduced access to healthcare services, and disparities in healthcare quality and outcomes compared to white populations (Williams & Sternthal, 2010; Smedley et al., 2012; Artiga et al., 2020).

Intersectionality and Health Inequities: The concept of intersectionality emphasizes the interconnected nature of social identities and how they intersect to shape health experiences and outcomes. Research has highlighted how multiple forms of discrimination and marginalization based on race, gender, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and other social identities contribute to health inequities (Hankivsky, 2014; Bauer & Scheim, 2019; Bowleg, 2020).

Community Engagement and Participatory Approaches: Research has shown that engaging communities and involving them in decision-making processes can lead to more effective and equitable health interventions. Participatory approaches, community-based research, and community-led initiatives have demonstrated positive impacts on health outcomes, particularly in marginalized communities (Israel et al., 2018; Viswanathan et al., 2019; Wallerstein et al., 2020).

Policy and Advocacy for Health Equity: Research has emphasized the importance of policy and advocacy efforts in promoting health equity. Studies have shown that policy changes, such as expanding healthcare coverage, implementing antidiscrimination laws, and investing in social determinants of health, can contribute to reducing health inequities (Williams et al., 2008; Gottlieb et al., 2020; Lantz et al., 2020).

Health Equity and Economic Benefits: Research has indicated that achieving health equity can have economic benefits for individuals, communities, and societies as a whole. Studies have shown that reducing health disparities and promoting health equity can lead to improved productivity, reduced healthcare costs, and stronger economies (Bleich et al., 2012; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2017; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2021).

Impacts of COVID-19 on Health Equity: The COVID-19 pandemic has further highlighted the existing health disparities and inequities. Research has demonstrated that marginalized communities, including racial and ethnic minorities, low-income populations, and essential workers, have been disproportionately affected by the pandemic in terms of infection rates, hospitalizations, and deaths (Yancy, 2020; Laurencin & McClinton, 2020; Tai et al., 2021).

REFERENCES

  • Braveman, P., Egerter, S., & Williams, D. R. (2017). The social determinants of health: Coming of age. Annual Review of Public Health, 38, 1-19.
  • Marmot, M. (2020). Health equity in England: The Marmot Review 10 years on. BMJ, 368, m693.
  • Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2021). Social determinants of health. Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health
  • Williams, D. R., & Sternthal, M. (2010). Understanding racial-ethnic disparities in health: Sociological contributions. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(Suppl), S15-S27.
  • Smedley, B. D., Stith, A. Y., & Nelson, A. R. (Eds.). (2012). Unequal treatment: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare. National Academies Press.
  • Artiga, S., Orgera, K., & Pham, O. (2020). Disparities in health and health care: Five key questions and answers. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/disparities-inhealth-and-health-care-five-key-questions-and-answers/
  • Hankivsky, O. (2014). Intersectionality 101. The Institute for Intersectionality Research & Policy, Simon Fraser University.
  • Bauer, G. R., & Scheim, A. I. (2019). Advancing a cumulative inequalities theory for the health and well-being of LGBTQ2S populations in Canada. International Journal for Equity in Health, 18(1), 1-12.
  • Bowleg, L. (2020). We’re not all in this together: On COVID-19, intersectionality, and structural inequality. American Journal of Public Health, 110(7), 917-917.
  • Israel, B. A., Schulz, A. J., Parker, E. A., & Becker, A. B. (2018). Community-based participatory research: Policy recommendations for promoting a partnership approach in health research. Education for Health, 31(3), 223-232.
  • Viswanathan, M., Ammerman, A., Eng, E., Garlehner, G., Lohr, K. N., Griffith, D., … & Whitener, L. (2019). Community-based participatory research: Assessing the evidence: Summary. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
  • Wallerstein, N., Duran, B., Oetzel, J. G., & Minkler, M. (2020). Community-based participatory research for health: Advancing social and health equity. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Williams, D. R., Costa, M. V., Odunlami, A. O., & Mohammed, S. A. (2008). Moving upstream: How interventions that address the social determinants of health can improve health and reduce disparities. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 14(Suppl), S8-S17.
  • Gottlieb, L. M., Hessler, D., Long, D., Laves, E., Burns, A. R., Amaya, A., … & Adler, N. E. (2020). Effects of social needs screening and in-person service navigation on child health: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatrics, 174(6), e200979.

Vitamin E: Sources, benefits, and antioxidant properties

Nov 5, 2023 | Vitamins and minerals

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Written By THT Editorial Team

Reviewed by Liza Nagarkoti , BSc Nursing, MA(Nutrition), Project Officer (Health) LWF Nepal

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in maintaining good health. In this article, we will discuss the sources, benefits, and antioxidant properties of vitamin E, as well as recent research and findings related to this vitamin.

Sources of Vitamin E

Vitamin E can be found in various food sources, including nuts, seeds, leafy greens, and vegetable oils such as sunflower, safflower, and soybean oil. Other sources of vitamin E include fortified cereals, eggs, and some fruits and vegetables.

Benefits and Antioxidant Properties

Vitamin E has various health benefits and antioxidant properties. As an antioxidant, it helps protect the body’s cells from damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can lead to chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease.

In addition to this, vitamin E may also have anti-inflammatory properties and can help boost the immune system. Some studies have also suggested that vitamin E may have a role in preventing cognitive decline and may reduce the risk of certain types of cancer.

Recent Research and Findings

Recent research has explored the potential health benefits of vitamin E supplementation. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that vitamin E supplementation reduced the risk of bladder cancer in male smokers. Another study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that vitamin E supplementation improved cognitive function in older adults.

However, some studies have also shown conflicting results. For example, a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that vitamin E supplementation did not reduce the risk of heart disease in women.

Deficiency of Vitamin E

Deficiency of vitamin E is rare, but it can occur in individuals with certain medical conditions that affect fat absorption, such as cystic fibrosis. Symptoms of vitamin E deficiency include muscle weakness, vision problems, and an impaired immune system.

Conclusion

Vitamin E is an essential nutrient that plays a vital role in maintaining good health. Consuming a diet rich in vitamin E from various food sources is essential to maintain optimal health. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential health benefits of vitamin E supplementation and determine the optimal intake for these benefits.

REFERENCES

  • National Institutes of Health. Vitamin E. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminE-HealthProfessional/. Accessed May 9, 2023.
  • Kristal AR, Arnold KB, Neuhouser ML, et al. Diet, supplement use, and prostate cancer risk: results from the prostate cancer prevention trial. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;172(5):566-577.
  • Durga J, van Boxtel MPJ, Schouten EG, et al. Effect of 3-year vitamin E supplementation on cognitive function in older adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(4):1054-1063.
  • Lee IM, Cook NR, Gaziano JM, et al. Vitamin E in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: the Women’s Health Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005;294(1):56-65.

The role of exercise in managing chronic conditions

Nov 4, 2023 | Fitness and Exercise

Exercise is not only important for maintaining good physical and mental health, but it can also be used as a way to manage chronic conditions such as diabetes and arthritis. In this article, we will explore the role of exercise in managing chronic conditions, the benefits of exercise for those with chronic conditions, and some safe and effective ways to exercise with these conditions.

The Role of Exercise in Managing Chronic Conditions

Exercise is an important component of managing chronic conditions, as it can help to improve symptoms and overall quality of life. Exercise can also help to prevent and manage secondary conditions associated with chronic conditions, such as heart disease, stroke, and depression.

For those with diabetes, exercise can help to improve blood sugar control, lower blood pressure, and reduce the risk of heart disease. For those with arthritis, exercise can help to reduce pain and stiffness, improve joint mobility and flexibility, and increase strength.

Benefits of Exercise for Those with Chronic Conditions

There are many benefits of exercise for those with chronic conditions, including:

Improved blood sugar control in those with diabetes

Reduced pain and stiffness in those with arthritis

Improved cardiovascular health Increased strength and flexibility

Improved mental health and well-being

Safe and Effective Ways to Exercise with Chronic Conditions

When exercising with chronic conditions, it is important to choose safe and effective exercises that do not exacerbate symptoms. Some safe and effective ways to exercise with chronic conditions include:

Low-impact aerobic exercise such as walking, cycling, or swimming

Resistance training using weights or resistance bands

Flexibility exercises such as stretching or yoga

Tai chi or other gentle forms of exercise that can improve balance and coordination

It is also important to consult with your healthcare provider before starting any exercise program, especially if you have a chronic condition. Your healthcare provider can help you to design a safe and effective exercise program that meets your individual needs and goals.

Recent Research on Exercise and Chronic Conditions

Recent research has shown that exercise can be an effective way to manage chronic conditions. A study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine found that exercise can be as effective as medication in managing diabetes. Another study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that exercise can help to reduce pain and improve function in those with knee osteoarthritis.

In conclusion, exercise is an important component of managing chronic conditions such as diabetes and arthritis. By incorporating safe and effective exercise into your daily routine, you can improve your symptoms, reduce the risk of secondary conditions, and improve your overall quality of life. Consult with your healthcare provider before starting any exercise program, and be sure to choose exercises that are safe and effective for your individual needs and goals.

REFERENCES

  • Balducci, S., Zanuso, S., Cardelli, P., et al. (2010). Supervised exercise training counterbalances the adverse effects of insulin therapy in overweight/obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 33(4), 747-753.
  • Messier, S. P., Loeser, R. F., Miller, G. D., et al. (2004). Exercise and dietary weight loss in overweight and obese older adults with knee osteoarthritis: the Arthritis, Diet, and Activity Promotion Trial. JAMA, 292(18), 2526-2534.

Health workforce

Nov 4, 2023 | Healthcare policy and reform

Nepal has made significant progress in improving health outcomes in recent years. However, the country continues to face challenges in providing access to quality healthcare, particularly in rural and remote areas. One of the critical factors contributing to this challenge is the shortage and dissatisfaction of healthcare workers, particularly nurses. This essay will explore the reasons for the shortage of healthcare workers in Nepal and suggest strategies to improve the training and retention of healthcare workers, including addressing the dissatisfaction of nurses.

Shortage of Healthcare Workers in Nepal:

Nepal is currently facing a severe shortage of healthcare workers. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the country has only 0.7 doctors and 3.2 nurses per 1,000 population, which is significantly lower than the WHO- recommended minimum of 2.3 doctors and nurses per 1,000 population (1). The shortage of healthcare workers is most pronounced in rural and remote areas, where access to healthcare is already limited.

Several factors contribute to the shortage of healthcare workers in Nepal. Firstly, there is a limited number of healthcare training institutions in the country, leading to a low supply of trained healthcare workers. Secondly, there is a high level of migration of healthcare workers to other countries, attracted by higher salaries and better working conditions. Thirdly, healthcare workers face challenges in accessing professional development and training opportunities, leading to limited career advancement opportunities.

Improving Training and Retention of Healthcare Workers:

To address the shortage of healthcare workers in Nepal, the following strategies can be implemented:

Increasing the Number of Healthcare Training Institutions: The government can increase investment in healthcare training institutions to increase the number of trained healthcare workers.

Providing Incentives for Rural Service: The government can provide incentives for healthcare workers to work in rural and remote areas, such as salary top-ups, transportation, and housing allowances.

Improving Working Conditions: Improving the working conditions of healthcare workers can help reduce dissatisfaction and turnover rates. This includes providing appropriate staffing levels, adequate equipment and supplies, and a supportive work environment.

Enhancing Professional Development and Training Opportunities: Providing opportunities for professional development and training can help healthcare workers advance their careers and increase job satisfaction. This includes access to continuing education programs, mentoring, and leadership development opportunities.

Addressing the Dissatisfaction of Nurses:

Nurses are the backbone of the healthcare workforce, and addressing their dissatisfaction is crucial to retaining them in the healthcare system. The following strategies can be implemented to address the dissatisfaction of nurses in Nepal:

Increasing Salaries and Benefits: The government can increase the salaries and benefits of nurses to be commensurate with their qualifications and workload. This can help improve job satisfaction and reduce turnover rates.

Providing Career Advancement Opportunities: Providing opportunities for career advancement, such as specializations and management roles, can help nurses feel valued and engaged in their work.

Improving Working Conditions: Improving working conditions, including staffing levels, equipment and supplies, and supportive work environments, can help reduce job stress and improve job satisfaction.

Providing Recognition and Appreciation: Providing recognition and appreciation for the hard work of nurses can help improve job satisfaction and promote a positive work culture.

Conclusion:

Improving the training and retention of healthcare workers, particularly nurses, is crucial to ensuring access to quality healthcare in Nepal. By increasing the number of healthcare training institutions, providing incentives for rural service, improving working conditions, and enhancing professional development and training opportunities, Nepal can attract and retain more healthcare workers. Addressing the dissatisfaction of nurses through increasing salaries and benefits, providing career advancement opportunities, improving working conditions, and providing recognition and appreciation can improve job satisfaction and promote a positive work culture in the healthcare sector. A well-trained and satisfied healthcare workforce is essential for delivering high-quality healthcare services and improving health outcomes in Nepal.

REFERENCES

  • World Health Organization. (2016). Health workforce requirements for universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/250330/9789241511407-eng.pdf
  • Ministry of Health and Population, Government of Nepal. (2015). Nepal Human Resources for Health Strategic Plan 2011-2016. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/workforcealliance/countries/Nepal_HRH_Strategic_Plan_2011_2016.pdf
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Addressing stigma around mental health issues

Nov 3, 2023 | Mental health and well being

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Written By THT Editorial Team

Dr. Kamal Gautam

Reviewed by Dr. Kamal Gautam, MBBS(KU), MD Psych (IOM), Currently working at Transcultural Psychological Organization Nepal (TPO Nepal)

Addressing stigma around mental health issues is a critical step towards promoting mental health and well-being. Stigma refers to negative attitudes and beliefs towards individuals with mental health problems, which can lead to discrimination, social exclusion, and other harmful consequences.

Some ways to address stigma include:

  • Education: Educating people about mental health, its prevalence, and its impact can help reduce stigma and increase understanding.
  • Language: Using respectful, non-stigmatizing language when talking about mental health issues can help reduce negative attitudes and stereotypes.
  • Media: The media can play a powerful role in shaping public attitudes towards mental health issues. Responsible reporting on mental health issues and portraying people with mental health problems in a positive, non-stigmatizing way can help reduce stigma. 
  • Support and advocacy: Providing support and advocacy for people with mental health problems can help reduce the stigma associated with mental illness.
  • Collaboration: Collaboration between mental health professionals, advocacy groups, people with lived experience of mental health conditions (PWLE) and other stakeholders can help promote a more positive and inclusive approach to mental health.