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Access to essential medicines

Aug 13, 2023 | News

Access to essential medicines is a fundamental component of the right to health. However, many low- and middle-income countries face significant challenges in providing affordable and quality medicines to their populations. The high cost of medicines, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and weak supply chain management systems are some of the barriers that prevent people from accessing the medicines they need. This essay explores the efforts to increase access to essential medicines in low- and middle-income countries, focusing on initiatives to lower drug prices and improve supply chain management.

Lowering Drug Prices:

One of the most significant barriers to accessing essential medicines is the high cost of drugs. To address this issue, several initiatives have been implemented to lower drug prices in low- and middle-income countries.

Generic Medicines: Generic medicines are copies of branded drugs that have the same active ingredients and therapeutic effects. They are typically much cheaper than branded drugs and can be an effective way of increasing access to essential medicines. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified generic medicines as a key strategy for improving access to medicines, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (1).

Voluntary Licensing: Voluntary licensing is a mechanism that allows pharmaceutical companies to license their patents to other manufacturers, typically in low- and middle-income countries. This enables the production of cheaper generic versions of essential medicines, increasing access to these medicines in countries where they are needed most. Initiatives such as the Medicines Patent Pool have successfully negotiated voluntary licenses for several essential medicines, including HIV/AIDS drugs (2).

Price Negotiation: Governments can negotiate with pharmaceutical companies to lower the prices of essential medicines. For example, several low- and middle-income countries have implemented price negotiation policies for hepatitis C drugs, leading to significant reductions in drug prices (3).

Improving Supply Chain Management:

Weak supply chain management systems are another significant barrier to accessing essential medicines in low- and middle-income countries. These systems are responsible for the distribution of medicines from manufacturers to patients, and any weaknesses in the supply chain can result in stockouts or the delivery of expired or counterfeit drugs. Several initiatives have been implemented to improve supply chain management systems in low- and middle-income countries.

M-Health: Mobile health (m-health) technologies can be used to improve supply chain management systems. For example, in Tanzania, a system was developed that uses mobile phones to track the distribution of essential medicines, reducing stockouts and improving drug availability (4).

Public-Private Partnerships: Public-private partnerships can also be used to improve supply chain management. For example, the USAID Global Health Supply Chain Program has partnered with local organizations in several countries to improve the distribution of essential medicines and health commodities (5).

Strengthening Regulatory Systems:

Strengthening regulatory systems is critical for ensuring that essential medicines are of high quality and are safe and effective. In low- and middle-income countries, weak regulatory systems can result in the availability of substandard or counterfeit medicines, which can be harmful to patients. Several initiatives have been implemented to strengthen regulatory systems in low- and middle-income countries.

WHO Prequalification Program: The WHO prequalification program assesses the quality, safety, and efficacy of essential medicines, vaccines, and diagnostics. Prequalification is a key requirement for many international procurement agencies, and it can increase the availability of high-quality essential medicines in low- and middle-income countries (6).

Conclusion:

Access to essential medicines is a critical component of the right to health. However, many low- and middle-income countries face significant barriers to providing affordable and quality medicines to their populations. Initiatives such as lowering drug prices, improving supply chain management, and strengthening regulatory systems can be effective ways of increasing access to essential medicines in low- and middle-income countries. The promotion of generic medicines through voluntary licensing and price negotiation can significantly lower the cost of essential drugs, making them more accessible to those in need. Additionally, improving supply chain management through the use of mobile health technologies and public-private partnerships can ensure the efficient distribution of medicines, reducing stockouts and improving availability. Strengthening regulatory systems, such as the WHO prequalification program, can enhance the quality and safety of essential medicines, protecting patients from substandard or counterfeit drugs.

By implementing these researched possibilities, low- and middle-income countries can overcome barriers and improve access to essential medicines, ultimately contributing to better health outcomes for their populations.

REFERENCES

The impact of social media and technology on mental health

Aug 13, 2023 | Mental health and well being

The rise of social media and technology has brought about significant changes in our lives, including how we interact with others, access information, and engage with the world around us. While these changes have many benefits, they also have significant implications for our mental health and well-being.

Recent studies have shown that the use of social media and technology can have both positive and negative effects on mental health. On the positive side, social media can be a source of social support and connection, which can promote positive emotions and enhance overall well-being. It can also provide a platform for mental health awareness and advocacy, helping to reduce stigma and increase access to resources.

However, the negative effects of social media and technology on mental health cannot be ignored. Research has shown that excessive use of social media and technology can contribute to feelings of loneliness, depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. It can also disrupt sleep patterns and lead to a lack of physical activity, which can negatively impact mental health.

Moreover, social media can expose individuals to cyberbullying, harassment, and hate speech, leading to increased stress, anxiety, and trauma. The “perfect” images and lives portrayed on social media can also lead to feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt, as individuals compare their lives to those they see online.

To promote positive mental health in the age of social media and technology, it is important to be mindful of our usage and to set boundaries for ourselves. This can include limiting screen time, taking breaks from social media, and engaging in activities that promote face-to-face interactions and physical activity.

It is also important to educate ourselves about mental health and to seek out reliable sources of information and support. Mental health professionals can provide evidence-based interventions and therapies to help individuals address the negative effects of social media and technology on their mental health.

In conclusion, social media and technology have both positive and negative effects on mental health, and it is important to be mindful of our usage to promote positive mental health and well-being. Ongoing research will continue to shed light on the complex relationship between social media and mental health, helping to inform interventions and strategies to promote mental health in the digital age.

REFERENCES

  • Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2019). Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents: Evidence from a population-based study. Preventive Medicine Reports, 15, 100971.
  • Lin, L. Y., Sidani, J. E., Shensa, A., Radovic, A., Miller, E., Colditz, J. B., … & Primack, B. A. (2016). Association between social media use and depression among US young adults. Depression and Anxiety, 33(4), 323-331.
  • Berryman, C., Ferguson, C. J., & Negy, C. (2018). Social media use and mental health among young adults. Psychiatric Quarterly, 89(2), 307-314.
  • Vannucci, A., & Flannery, K. M. (2017). Oh, the places you’ll go! A comparison of three types of recovery-focused writing interventions on personal growth initiative, stigma internalization, and psychological outcomes in college students. Journal of American College Health, 65(1), 54-63.

Cancer risk factors and prevention measures

Aug 13, 2023 | Health Tips

The information provided here regarding cancer risk factors and prevention measures is based on general health guidelines and scientific understanding. It’s important to note that cancer is a complex disease influenced by various factors, and no single cause or prevention strategy can guarantee the absence of cancer. However, adopting a healthy lifestyle and following evidence-based recommendations may help reduce the risk of certain types of cancer.

Mitochondrial Damage and Cancer:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in cancer development and progression, but it is just one of the many factors involved. While mitochondrial damage can impact cell function, it is not the sole cause of cancer. Cancer is a multifactorial disease with diverse causes, including genetic mutations, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.

Risk Factors for Cancer:

  • Smoking: Smoking tobacco is a well-established risk factor for several types of cancer, including lung, throat, and bladder cancer.
  • Alcohol Consumption: Heavy and prolonged alcohol consumption increases the risk of various cancers, including those of the liver, esophagus, and breast.
  • Poor Diet: A diet lacking in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and high in processed and red meats is associated with an increased risk of cancer.
  • High Insulin: Chronic high insulin levels, often seen in conditions like obesity and insulin resistance, may contribute to cancer development and growth.

Healthy Diet and Intermittent Fasting:

  • A healthy diet, including whole foods, fruits, vegetables, and adequate fiber intake, is generally recommended for overall health and disease prevention. Intermittent fasting, which involves cycling between periods of fasting and eating, has shown potential health benefits, including reducing cancer risk, although more research is needed in this area.

Refined and Processed Foods:

  • Consuming a diet high in refined carbohydrates, added sugars, and processed foods has been associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, and certain cancers. Opting for real, natural foods and avoiding heavily processed and refined products is generally advised.

Melatonin and Sun Exposure:

  • Melatonin, a hormone involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles, has been studied for its potential role in cancer prevention. Adequate exposure to natural sunlight can help regulate melatonin production. However, the relationship between melatonin, sunlight, and cancer prevention is complex and requires further investigation.

Cruciferous Vegetables and Exercise:

  • Cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, cauliflower, and kale, contain beneficial compounds that may have anticancer properties. Regular exercise has been associated with a reduced risk of various cancers and overall improved health.

Avoiding and Focusing on Specific Factors:

  • While it’s important to avoid smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, trans fats, and high intake of omega-6 fatty acids, it’s equally important to focus on consuming real, natural foods, reducing insulin levels, intermittent fasting, getting adequate sunlight, exercising regularly, and consuming omega-3 fatty acids.

It’s worth noting that individual factors, genetics, and personal medical history also play a significant role in cancer risk. It is recommended to consult with healthcare professionals or registered dietitians for personalized advice and guidance.

REFERENCES

Vitamin A: Sources, benefits, and deficiency risks

Aug 11, 2023 | Vitamins and minerals

The Health Thread Favicon

Written By THT Editorial Team

Reviewed by Liza Nagarkoti , BSc Nursing, MA(Nutrition), Project Officer (Health) LWF Nepal

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy vision, immune function, and skin health. In this article, we will discuss the sources, benefits, and deficiency risks of vitamin A, based on current research.

Sources of Vitamin A

Vitamin A can be obtained through two sources: preformed vitamin A, which is found in animal products such as liver, eggs, and milk, and provitamin A carotenoids, which are found in plant-based foods such as carrots, sweet potatoes, and spinach.

Benefits of Vitamin A

Vitamin A has a wide range of health benefits. Some of these benefits include:

Vision: Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy vision, particularly in low-light conditions. It helps to prevent night blindness and other vision problems.

Immune function: Vitamin A plays an important role in supporting a healthy immune system by promoting the production and function of white blood cells.

Skin health: Vitamin A helps to maintain healthy skin by promoting cell growth and differentiation. It is often used in topical creams and serums to treat acne and other skin conditions.

Reproduction and fetal development: Vitamin A is important for reproductive health and fetal development, particularly in the development of the eyes, lungs, and immune system.

Deficiency Risks

Vitamin A deficiency is rare in developed countries, but it remains a significant public health problem in many parts of the world. Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency can include night blindness, dry skin, impaired immunity, and even blindness.

Recent research has also linked vitamin A deficiency to an increased risk of infectious diseases, particularly in children. A study published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases found that children with vitamin A deficiency were more likely to develop severe respiratory infections and diarrhea.

However, it is important to note that consuming excessive amounts of vitamin A can also be harmful. High levels of vitamin A can cause toxicity, which can lead to a range of symptoms including nausea, vomiting, and even liver damage.

Conclusion

Vitamin A is an important nutrient that plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and well-being. While vitamin A deficiency is rare in developed countries, it remains a significant public health problem in many parts of the world. Understanding the sources, benefits, and deficiency risks of vitamin A is essential for maintaining a healthy diet and preventing nutritional deficiencies.

REFERENCES

  • National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamin A. Accessed on May 9, 2023. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-HealthProfessional/
  • World Health Organization. Vitamin A deficiency. Accessed on May 9, 2023. https://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/vad/en/
  • Stephensen, C. B. (2001). Vitamin A, infection, and immune function. Annual Review of Nutrition, 21(1), 167-192.
  • Semba, R. D. (2012). The role of vitamin A and related retinoids in immune function. Nutrition Reviews, 70(10), 611-628.
  • Mayo Clinic. Vitamin A toxicity. Accessed on May 9, 2023. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/vitamin-a-toxicity/faq-20058594

Harnessing the Power of Nutrition in Treating Anxiety: Insights from Recent Research in Nutritional Psychiatry

Aug 11, 2023 | Current News Affair

Introduction:

The field of nutritional psychiatry explores the impact of dietary patterns and specific nutrients on mental health. Emerging research suggests that nutrition plays a crucial role in the development and management of anxiety disorders. This article aims to provide an overview of recent findings in nutritional psychiatry, specifically focusing on the use of nutrition in treating anxiety disorders.

Nutrition and Anxiety:

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental health conditions worldwide, and traditional treatment approaches often involve psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. However, there is growing evidence that nutritional interventions can be valuable adjunctive strategies for anxiety management. Here, we highlight some recent research findings on the potential benefits of nutrition in reducing anxiety symptoms.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids:

Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have gained attention for their potential role in anxiety management. Several studies have indicated that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may reduce symptoms of anxiety disorders. For instance, Jazayeri et al. (2019) conducted a randomized controlled trial and found that omega-3 supplementation significantly reduced anxiety scores in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

Probiotics:

The gut-brain axis has been recognized as a bidirectional communication system linking the gut microbiota to brain function and mental health. Probiotics, beneficial bacteria that promote gut health, have shown promise in alleviating anxiety symptoms. A meta-analysis by Huang et al. (2019) indicated that probiotic supplementation was associated with significant reductions in anxiety compared to placebo or control groups.

Micronutrients:

Deficiencies in certain micronutrients have been linked to increased anxiety symptoms. For example, studies have suggested that low levels of magnesium and zinc may contribute to anxiety disorders. A randomized controlled trial by Tarleton et al. (2017) demonstrated that magnesium supplementation led to a significant reduction in anxiety symptoms in individuals with mild-to-moderate generalized anxiety disorder.

Mediterranean Diet:

The Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and healthy fats, has been associated with a lower risk of anxiety and depression. A systematic review by Lai et al. (2019) found that adherence to the Mediterranean diet was inversely associated with the prevalence of anxiety disorders. However, further research is needed to establish a causal relationship.

Conclusion:

Recent research in nutritional psychiatry highlights the potential of nutrition as a complementary approach in the management of anxiety disorders. Omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, specific micronutrients, and dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet have shown promising results in reducing anxiety symptoms. However, it is important to note that nutrition-based interventions should be integrated with standard treatments and personalized according to individual needs.

Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the use of nutrition in anxiety management. Nevertheless, the emerging evidence underscores the importance of considering nutrition as an integral component of comprehensive approaches to mental health and provides hope for novel therapeutic strategies for individuals living with anxiety disorders.

REFERENCES

  • Jazayeri S, et al. Omega-3 supplementation effects on anxiety symptoms and inflammatory cytokines: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychiatry Res. 2019;273: 681-686.
  • Huang R, et al. Effect of probiotics on depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients. 2019;11(11): 2784.
  • Tarleton EK, et al. Role of magnesium supplementation in the treatment of depression: A randomized clinical trial. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(6): e0180067

Screening and early detection of diseases

Aug 11, 2023 | Disease Prevention and Management

Early detection and screening of diseases play a critical role in preventing and managing chronic illnesses such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. The earlier a disease is detected, the better the chances of successful treatment and management.

Screening tests for different types of diseases are widely available and can help identify the presence of a disease before symptoms appear. For example, mammograms can detect breast cancer in women before a lump can be felt, and blood sugar tests can detect diabetes before symptoms such as increased thirst and urination occur.

Early detection is also important because it can lead to early intervention, which can help prevent the progression of the disease. For example, high blood pressure can be managed with medication and lifestyle changes, and if detected early, the damage to the heart and blood vessels can be prevented.

Screening and early detection can also have a significant impact on public health. It can help identify individuals who are at higher risk of developing a disease and can help healthcare providers develop effective prevention strategies. In addition, it can lead to a reduction in healthcare costs by reducing the need for expensive treatments and hospitalizations.

It is important to note that screening and early detection tests are not perfect and can sometimes give false-positive or false-negative results. Therefore, it is important for individuals to discuss screening options with their healthcare providers and understand the potential risks and benefits of each test.

In conclusion, screening and early detection of diseases are important tools in preventing and managing chronic illnesses. These measures can help identify diseases early and lead to early intervention, which can significantly improve the chances of successful treatment and management.

Some critical time diseases include:

  • Stroke
  • Heart attack
  • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
  • Sepsis
  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
  • Meningitis
  • Acute kidney injury (AKI)
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Uncontrolled bleeding (hemorrhage)
  • Cardiac arrest
  • Cancer

How to perform CPR ?

Aug 11, 2023 | Health Tips

Performing CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) can help save a person’s life in a cardiac emergency. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to perform CPR:

Assess the Situation: Ensure the environment is safe for you and the person in need. Check for any hazards or dangers that may need to be addressed before starting CPR.

Check for Responsiveness: Tap the person’s shoulder and ask loudly, “Are you okay?” If there is no response, it indicates an unresponsive person who needs immediate help.

Call for Emergency Help: Dial the emergency services in your country (e.g., 911 in the United States) or ask someone nearby to make the call. Clearly describe the situation and provide the exact location.

Open the Airway: Gently tilt the person’s head back and lift their chin to open the airway. This helps ensure clear passage for air to enter and exit the lungs.

Check for Breathing: Look, listen, and feel for signs of normal breathing. Watch for chest movements, listen for breath sounds, and feel for breath on your cheek. If the person is not breathing or only gasping, it is necessary to start CPR.

Perform Chest Compressions:

Place the heel of one hand on the center of the person’s chest, between the nipples.

Place your other hand on top, interlacing your fingers.

Position yourself directly over the person’s chest, with your arms straight and your shoulders aligned above your hands.

Press down hard and fast, using your upper body weight, to compress the chest at least 2 inches (5 centimeters) deep.

Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions.

Provide Rescue Breaths:

Pinch the person’s nose shut with your fingers.

Take a normal breath and make a complete seal over the person’s mouth.

Give two rescue breaths, each lasting about 1 second, while watching for the chest to rise.

If the chest does not rise, reposition the head and try again.

Continue Compression-to-Breath Ratio: Perform 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths. Maintain a compression-to-breath ratio of 30:2. The compression rate should be about 100-120 compressions per minute.

Repeat the Cycle: Continue the cycle of 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths until professional help arrives, an AED (Automated External Defibrillator) becomes available, or the person shows signs of regaining consciousness.

Follow the Instructions of an AED: If an AED is available, follow the prompts provided by the device. Apply the pads to the person’s chest as instructed and follow the AED’s voice prompts for analyzing the heart rhythm and delivering a shock if advised.

The reason behind auto-immune diseases

Aug 10, 2023 | Health Tips

Autoimmune diseases are complex conditions that arise due to a combination of various factors. Here’s an explanation of the mentioned points along with references:

  1. Vitamin D deficiency: Vitamin D plays a critical role in immune regulation, and its deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of autoimmune diseases. Adequate vitamin D levels are important for immune system function and maintaining immune tolerance. Low vitamin D levels have been linked to an elevated risk of developing autoimmune conditions.
  2. Viruses, bacteria, or pathogens: Infections can trigger or contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. Certain pathogens can initiate an immune response that mistakenly targets the body’s own tissues, leading to autoimmune reactions.
  3. Exposure to immune-weakening factors: Factors that weaken the immune system, such as certain medications, environmental toxins, or chronic stress, can increase the susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Weakened immune responses may result in a loss of self-tolerance, allowing the immune system to attack the body’s own tissues.
  4. Stress: Chronic stress can have a negative impact on immune function and contribute to the development or exacerbation of autoimmune conditions. Stress hormones can modulate immune responses and promote inflammation, potentially triggering autoimmune reactions.
  5. Wrong diet: Poor dietary choices, including a diet high in processed foods, refined sugars, and unhealthy fats, can contribute to inflammation and disrupt immune system balance. Certain dietary components may promote immune dysregulation and increase the risk of autoimmune diseases.
  6. Genetic weakness: Although genetics alone may not determine the development of autoimmune diseases, certain genetic factors can contribute to an individual’s susceptibility. Genetic variations may affect immune system function, response to infections, and inflammatory processes, influencing the likelihood of autoimmune conditions.

Regarding natural remedies for autoimmune conditions, the following substances have been suggested to have potential benefits:

  • Vitamin D: Supplementation or adequate sun exposure to maintain optimal vitamin D levels may help modulate immune responses and reduce the risk of autoimmune diseases.
  • Omega-3 fatty acids: Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts, possess anti-inflammatory properties and may help counterbalance the inflammatory processes involved in autoimmune conditions.
  • Cod liver oil: Rich in omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D, cod liver oil may provide benefits for immune system regulation and inflammation control.
  • Curcumin: Curcumin, a compound found in turmeric, exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects that may be beneficial for autoimmune conditions.
  • Blueberries: Blueberries are rich in antioxidants and have anti-inflammatory properties, potentially assisting in reducing inflammation associated with autoimmune diseases.
  • Maitake mushrooms: Maitake mushrooms have been studied for their immunomodulatory effects and potential benefits in autoimmune disorders, although further research is needed.
  • St. John’s wort: St. John’s wort has been traditionally used for its antidepressant properties, and it may also have anti-inflammatory effects that could be relevant in autoimmune conditions.

It is important to note that while these natural remedies may have potential benefits, individual responses can vary, and it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating them into a treatment plan.

REFERENCES

  • Prietl, B., Treiber, G., Pieber, T. R., & Amrein, K. (2013). Vitamin D and immune function. Nutrients, 5(7), 2502-2521.
  • Agmon-Levin, N., Theodor, E., Segal, R. M., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2010). Vitamin D in systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 40(3), 181-193.
  • Araki, A., & Sako, Y. (2002). Control of systemic autoimmune diseases by innate immune cells as a model of homeostatic inflammation. International Immunology, 14(8), 1049-1055.
  • Selmi, C., & Gershwin, M. E. (2010). The role of environmental factors in autoimmune diseases: Celiac disease as a model. Autoimmunity Reviews, 9(5), 328-332.
  • Kivity, S., Agmon-Levin, N., Zisappl, M., Shapira, Y., Nagy, E. V., Dankó, K., … & Shoenfeld, Y. (2011). Vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Cellular & Molecular Immunology, 8(3), 243-247.
  • Simopoulos, A. P. (2002). Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 21(6), 495-505.
  • Chen, Y., Mei, H., Zhao, S., Zhao, W., Yang, X., & Li, D. (2018). Natural products for the prevention and treatment of hangover and alcohol use disorder. Molecules, 23(4), 957.
  • Heidari, B. (2019). Curcumin: A potential candidate in prevention of cancer via modulation of molecular pathways. BioMedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 109, 2183-2191.
  • Subash, S., Essa, M. M., Al-Adawi, S., Memon, M. A., Manivasagam, T., & Akbar, M. (2014). Neuroprotective effects of berry fruits on neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regeneration Research, 9(16), 1557-1566.
  • Cör, D., Knez, Ž., & Knez Hrnčič, M. (2018). Antimicrobial and antioxidative activity of extracts and essential oils of Mycena rosea and M. pura. Industrial Crops and Products, 112, 662-667.
  • Russo, E. B. (2011). Taming THC: Potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects. British Journal of Pharmacology, 163(7), 1344-1364.

Exercise and physical activity for women at different life stages

Aug 9, 2023 | Women's Health

Exercise and physical activity are essential for women of all ages and stages of life. Regular exercise can help women maintain a healthy weight, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, improve mental health and well-being, and increase overall quality of life. In this article, we will discuss the importance of exercise and physical activity for women at different life stages and review recent research findings on this topic.

Adolescence

Regular physical activity during adolescence is critical for building strong bones and muscles, maintaining a healthy weight, and reducing the risk of chronic diseases later in life. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC), adolescents should get at least one hour of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day. This can include activities like walking, running, dancing, or playing sports.

Adulthood

During adulthood, regular exercise can help women maintain a healthy weight, reduce the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes, and improve mental health and well-being. The American Heart Association recommends that adults engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week. Additionally, strength training exercises should be done at least twice a week.

Pregnancy

Exercise and physical activity are generally safe and beneficial for pregnant women, as long as they are cleared by their healthcare provider. Regular exercise during pregnancy can help reduce the risk of gestational diabetes, preterm labor, and cesarean delivery. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that pregnant women engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate- intensity aerobic activity per week.

Postpartum

Exercise and physical activity can also be beneficial for women in the postpartum period. Regular exercise can help women regain strength and energy, reduce the risk of postpartum depression, and improve overall well-being. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that women with uncomplicated vaginal deliveries can begin exercising as soon as they feel ready, while women with cesarean deliveries should wait until they are cleared by their healthcare provider.

Recent Research Findings

Recent research has highlighted the importance of exercise and physical activity for women at different life stages. Some of the recent findings related to this topic include:

Regular exercise during pregnancy can improve newborns’ brain function – According to a study published in the journal eLife, pregnant women who exercised for at least 20 minutes, three times a week, had babies with more mature brain activity than those born to women who did not exercise.

Strength training can improve bone health in postmenopausal women – According to a study published in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, postmenopausal women who engaged in strength training exercises had better bone health and reduced the risk of fractures compared to those who did not exercise.

Conclusion

Exercise and physical activity are crucial for women at all life stages. Regular exercise can help women maintain a healthy weight, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and improve mental health and well-being. Pregnant and postpartum women can also benefit from regular exercise, as long as it is done safely and under the guidance of a healthcare provider. Recent research has provided valuable insights into the benefits of exercise and physical activity for women, which can help healthcare providers develop effective strategies to promote physical activity and improve women’s health outcomes.

REFERENCES

How to incorporate physical activity into your daily routine

Aug 9, 2023 | Fitness and Exercise

Incorporating physical activity into your daily routine is a great way to improve your overall health and well-being. Even if you have a busy schedule, there are simple and effective ways to add more movement to your day.

Recent research has shown that incorporating physical activity into your daily routine has numerous health benefits, including reducing the risk of chronic diseases, improving cardiovascular health, and boosting mood and energy levels.

Here are some tips on how to incorporate physical activity into your daily routine:

Walk or bike to work: Instead of driving or taking public transportation, consider walking or biking to work. This is a great way to get your heart rate up and burn some calories before your day even begins.

Take the stairs: Instead of taking the elevator or escalator, opt for the stairs. This is an easy way to add more movement to your day and get your heart rate up.

Stand up and move around every hour: If you have a desk job, it’s important to take breaks and move around throughout the day. Set a reminder to stand up and move around every hour, even if it’s just for a few minutes.

Do a quick workout at home: Even if you don’t have time to go to the gym, you can still get in a quick workout at home. There are plenty of online workout videos that require little to no equipment and can be done in a small space.

Take a walking break during lunch: Instead of sitting down for your entire lunch break, take a walk outside. This is a great way to get some fresh air and add more movement to your day.

Do household chores: Cleaning, gardening, and other household chores require physical activity and can be a great way to burn some extra calories.

Incorporating physical activity into your daily routine doesn’t have to be complicated or time-consuming. By making small changes to your daily habits, you can improve your overall health and well-being.