स्वास्थ्य सम्बन्धी सम्पूर्ण जानकारी

جميع المعلومات المتعلقة بالصحة

Lahat ng impormasyong may kaugnayan sa kalusugan

स्वास्थ्य संबंधी सारी जानकारी

Semua maklumat berkaitan kesihatan

ကျန်းမာရေးဆိုင်ရာ အချက်အလက်အားလုံး

ຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບສຸຂະພາບທັງໝົດ

Dhammaan macluumaadka la xiriira caafimaadka

स्वास्थ्यसम्बद्धाः सर्वाणि सूचनानि

Alle gezondheidsgerelateerde informative

Tota la informació relacionada amb la salut

ሁሉም ከጤና ጋር የተያያዙ መረጃዎች

ព័ត៌មានទាក់ទងនឹងសុខភាពទាំងអស់។

صحت سے متعلق تمام معلومات

Mọi thông tin liên quan đến sức khỏe

The Health Thread Logo

The Health Thread

Exercise and mental health: reducing stress and anxiety through physical activity

Oct 4, 2023 | Fitness and Exercise

The Health Thread Favicon

Written By THT Editorial Team

Dr. Kamal Gautam

Reviewed by Dr. Kamal Gautam, MBBS(KU), MD Psych (IOM), Currently working at Transcultural Psychological Organization Nepal (TPO Nepal)

Exercise and mental health are closely connected, with regular physical activity being an effective way to reduce stress and anxiety. In this article, we will explore the benefits of exercise for mental health, the types of exercises that are most effective, and the mechanisms through which exercise reduces stress and anxiety.

The Benefits of Exercise for Mental Health

Exercise has been shown to have numerous benefits for mental health, including:

Reducing stress and anxiety – Exercise can help reduce the levels of stress hormones in the body, such as cortisol, which can lead to a reduction in anxiety.

Improving mood – Exercise can help improve mood by increasing the production of endorphins, which are the body’s natural mood boosters.

Enhancing cognitive function – Regular exercise has been shown to improve cognitive function, including memory and concentration.

Increasing self-esteem – Exercise can help increase self-esteem and confidence, which can have a positive impact on mental health.

Types of Exercises that are Effective for Reducing Stress and Anxiety

While any form of physical activity can be beneficial for mental health, certain types of exercises have been shown to be particularly effective. These include:

Aerobic exercise – Aerobic exercise, such as running, cycling, or swimming, has been shown to be effective in reducing anxiety and depression.

Yoga – Yoga is a mind-body practice that combines physical postures with breathing and meditation. It has been shown to be effective in reducing stress and anxiety.

Tai chi – Tai chi is a form of martial arts that involves slow, gentle movements and breathing exercises. It has been shown to be effective in reducing stress and anxiety.

Resistance training – Resistance training, such as weightlifting or bodyweight exercises, has been shown to be effective in reducing anxiety and depression.

Mechanisms through which Exercise Reduces Stress and Anxiety

Exercise reduces stress and anxiety through various mechanisms, including:

Reducing inflammation – Chronic inflammation is associated with stress and anxiety. Exercise can help reduce inflammation in the body, leading to a reduction in stress and anxiety.

Increasing the production of endorphins – Endorphins are the body’s natural mood boosters. Exercise can increase the production of endorphins, leading to an improvement in mood.

Promoting relaxation – Certain forms of exercise, such as yoga and tai chi, promote relaxation and reduce muscle tension, which can have a positive impact on mental health.

Increasing self-esteem – Exercise can increase self-esteem and confidence, leading to a reduction in stress and anxiety.

Exercise is an effective way to reduce stress and anxiety and improve mental health. By incorporating regular physical activity into your daily routine, you can enjoy the numerous benefits that exercise has to offer. Consult with your doctor or a qualified fitness professional before starting any exercise program, especially if you have a medical condition or are taking medication.

REFERENCES

 

  • Salmon, P. (2001). Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress: a unifying theory. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(1), 33-61.
  • Gothe, N. P., & McAuley, E. (2015). Yoga and cognition: A meta-analysis of chronic and acute effects. Psychosomatic Medicine, 77(7), 784-797.
  • Wang, F., Lee, E. K. O., Wu, T., Benson, H., Fricchione, G., & Wang, W. (2013). The effects of tai chi on depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 20(3), 1-15.
  • Ströhle, A. (2009). Physical activity, exercise, depression and anxiety disorders. Journal of Neural Transmission, 116(6), 777-784.62.

Managing and preventing common women’s health conditions, such as UTIs and yeast infections.

Oct 3, 2023 | Women's Health

Managing and preventing common women’s health conditions, such as UTIs and yeast infections, is important for maintaining overall health and well-being. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, and treatments for UTIs and yeast infections, as well as recent research findings related to these conditions.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

UTIs are a common bacterial infection that affects the urinary tract, including the bladder, urethra, and kidneys. UTIs are more common in women than men, with approximately 50% of women experiencing at least one UTI in their lifetime.

Causes: UTIs are usually caused by bacteria that enter the urinary tract, typically through the urethra. Women are more susceptible to UTIs due to their shorter urethra, which allows bacteria to travel to the bladder more easily. Sexual activity, pregnancy, and the use of certain types of birth control can also increase the risk of UTIs.

Symptoms: Common symptoms of UTIs include a strong and persistent urge to urinate, pain or burning during urination, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and pelvic pain. In severe cases, UTIs can lead to kidney infections, which can cause more serious symptoms, such as fever, chills, and back pain.

Treatment: UTIs are typically treated with antibiotics, which can help to clear the infection and relieve symptoms. In some cases, over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen, can also be used to alleviate pain and discomfort.

Yeast Infections

Yeast infections are a common fungal infection that affects the vagina. Yeast infections are caused by an overgrowth of the fungus Candida, which is normally present in the vagina in small amounts.

Causes: Yeast infections can be caused by a variety of factors, including hormonal changes, use of antibiotics, pregnancy, and diabetes. Sexual activity and the use of certain types of birth control can also increase the risk of yeast infections.

Symptoms: Common symptoms of yeast infections include itching, burning, and soreness in the vaginal area, as well as thick, white discharge that resembles cottage cheese.

Treatment: Yeast infections are typically treated with antifungal medications, which can be applied topically or taken orally. Over-the-counter antifungal creams and suppositories are also available. It is important to finish the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve, to ensure that the infection is fully cleared.

Recent Research Findings

Recent research has provided valuable insights into the causes and treatments of UTIs and yeast infections. Some of the recent findings related to these conditions include:

Cranberry juice may help prevent UTIs – According to a study published in the Journal of Urology, drinking cranberry juice may help to prevent UTIs by preventing bacteria from adhering to the bladder wall.

Probiotics may help prevent yeast infections – According to a study published in the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, taking probiotics may help to prevent recurrent yeast infections by restoring the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina.

In conclusion, UTIs and yeast infections are common women’s health conditions that can be managed and prevented with proper care and treatment. Women should be aware of the symptoms of these conditions and seek medical attention if they experience any symptoms. Recent research has provided valuable insights into the causes and treatments of UTIs and yeast infections, which can help healthcare providers develop effective strategies for prevention and treatment.

REFERENCES

  • Ref Foxman B, Geiger AM, Palin K, Gillespie B, Koopman JS. First-time urinary tract infection and sexual behavior. Epidemiology. 1995 Sep;6(5):162-8. doi: 10.1097/00001648-199509000-00005. PMID: 7588289.
  • Hooton TM. Clinical practice. Uncomplicated urinary tract infection. N Engl J Med. 2012 Apr 5;366(14):1028-37. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1104429. PMID: 22476719.
  • Sobel JD. Vulvovaginal candidosis. Lancet. 2007 Nov 10;370(9601): 1714-1727. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61756-1. PMID: 17993364.
  • Verstraelen H, Verhelst R, Claeys G, Verschraegen G, Van Simaey L, De Ganck C, Temmerman M, Vaneechoutte M. Longitudinal analysis of the vaginal microflora in pregnancy suggests that L. crispatus promotes the stability of the normal vaginal microflora and that L. gasseri and/or L. iners are more conducive to the occurrence of abnormal vaginal microflora. BMC Microbiol. 2009 Sep 21;9:116. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-116. PMID: 19772592.
  • Wang CH, Fang CC, Chen NC, Liu SS, Yu PH, Wu TY, Chen WT, Lee CC, Chen SC. Cranberry-containing products for prevention of urinary tract infections in susceptible populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2012 Jul 9;172(13):988-96. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3004. PMID: 22777630.

Integrative approaches for managing chronic conditions

Oct 2, 2023 | Chronic condition and their management

Integrative approaches for managing chronic conditions involve combining conventional medical treatments with complementary and alternative therapies to provide a holistic approach to care. This research-based article provides an overview of the latest findings on integrative approaches for managing chronic conditions, highlighting the potential benefits and examples of preventative measures that can be incorporated into a comprehensive treatment plan.

Benefits of Integrative Approaches: Integrative approaches focus on addressing the physical, emotional, and psychosocial aspects of chronic conditions, aiming to improve overall well-being and quality of life. Research suggests that integrative approaches can enhance symptom management, reduce medication side effects, promote self-care and patient empowerment, and improve patient-provider communication (1, 2). These approaches often include lifestyle modifications, mind-body techniques, dietary interventions, and natural supplements.

Preventative Measures:

Lifestyle Modifications:

Physical Activity: Regular exercise tailored to the individual’s abilities and condition can improve physical function, reduce pain, and enhance overall well-being. Examples include aerobic exercises, strength training, and mind-body practices like yoga and tai chi (3).

Healthy Diet: A well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can support optimal health and reduce the risk of chronic conditions. Individualized dietary plans may be recommended, such as the Mediterranean diet or the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet (4).

Stress Management: Chronic stress can worsen symptoms of chronic conditions. Techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, and mindfulness-based stress reduction can help manage stress and promote relaxation (5).

Mind-Body Techniques:

Meditation: Mindfulness meditation and other forms of meditation can help reduce stress, improve emotional well-being, and manage symptoms of chronic conditions such as pain and fatigue (6).

Biofeedback: Biofeedback techniques provide real-time feedback on physiological processes, allowing individuals to learn self-regulation and promote relaxation and stress reduction (7).

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT can help individuals develop coping skills, manage negative thoughts, and improve emotional well-being. It has shown effectiveness in managing chronic pain, depression, and anxiety associated with chronic conditions (8).

Natural Supplements and Herbal Therapies:

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil have anti-inflammatory properties and may be beneficial in managing conditions such as cardiovascular disease and rheumatoid arthritis (9).

Turmeric: Curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and may provide relief for conditions such as osteoarthritis and inflammatory bowel disease (10).

Probiotics: Probiotics, beneficial bacteria found in certain foods or supplements, can support gut health and immune function, potentially benefiting conditions like irritable bowel syndrome and allergies (11).

Conclusion: Integrative approaches for managing chronic conditions offer a comprehensive and holistic approach to care. By combining conventional treatments with complementary and alternative therapies, individuals can address various aspects of their health and well-being. Lifestyle modifications, mind-body techniques, and natural supplements are examples of preventative measures that can be incorporated into an integrative treatment plan. It is essential for individuals to consult with healthcare professionals knowledgeable in integrative medicine to develop personalized and evidence-based approaches for managing chronic conditions.

REFERENCES

  • Boon, H. S., et al. (2020). Integrative medicine: A tradition of research. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 26(1), 4-6.
  • National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. (2021). Complementary, alternative, or integrative health: What’s in a name?
  • Kelley, G. A., et al. (2019). Exercise and physical therapy interventions for chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(7), 1003.
  • Schwingshackl, L., et al. (2020). Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 12(6), 1731.
  • Hilton, L., et al. (2017). Mindfulness meditation for chronic pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 51(2), 199-213.
  • Goyal, M., et al. (2014). Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine, 174(3), 357-368.
  • Nestoriuc, Y., et al. (2008). Efficacy of biofeedback for migraine: A meta-analysis. Pain, 138(3), 514-520.
  • Veehof, M. M., et al. (2016). Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain, 157(11), 2648-2656.
  • Marik, P. E., & Varon, J. (2009). Omega-3 dietary supplements and the risk of cardiovascular events: A systematic review. Clinical Cardiology, 32(7), 365-372.
  • Daily, J. W., et al. (2016). Efficacy of turmeric extracts and curcumin for alleviating the symptoms of joint arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Journal of Medicinal Food, 19(8), 717-729.
  • McFarland, L. V. (2015). From yaks to yogurt: The history, development, and current use of probiotics. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 60(suppl_2), S85-S90.

Magnesium: Sources, benefits, and role in muscle and nerve function

Oct 1, 2023 | Vitamins and minerals

The Health Thread Favicon

Written By THT Editorial Team

Reviewed by Liza Nagarkoti , BSc Nursing, MA(Nutrition), Project Officer (Health) LWF Nepal

Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including muscle and nerve function, energy production, and protein synthesis. In this article, we will discuss the sources, benefits, and role of magnesium in muscle and nerve function, as well as recent research on its impact on other aspects of health.

Sources of Magnesium

Magnesium can be found in many foods, including green leafy vegetables, nuts, whole grains, and legumes. Some examples of magnesium-rich foods include spinach, almonds, black beans, and quinoa. Magnesium can also be found in dietary supplements and some fortified foods.

Benefits and Role in Muscle and Nerve Function

Magnesium is essential for muscle and nerve function. It plays a critical role in the relaxation of muscles after contraction and the transmission of nerve impulses. Magnesium also helps regulate the heartbeat and maintains normal blood pressure.

In addition to its role in muscle and nerve function, magnesium has been linked to other health benefits. Some studies suggest that magnesium may help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, improve sleep quality, and alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Recent Research and Findings

Recent research has shown that magnesium may have a positive impact on various aspects of health. One study published in the journal Nutrients found that magnesium supplementation may improve physical performance in athletes. Another study published in the Journal of Nutrition found that higher magnesium intake was associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease.

Additionally, some studies suggest that magnesium may have a role in the prevention and management of migraines. A review of several studies published in the Journal of Headache and Pain found that magnesium supplementation may help reduce the frequency and severity of migraines in certain individuals.

Symptoms of Deficiency

Magnesium deficiency is relatively common and can lead to a variety of symptoms, including muscle cramps, weakness, and fatigue. Other symptoms of magnesium deficiency include numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, irregular heartbeat, and seizures.

Conclusion

Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, especially muscle and nerve function. Consuming a diet rich in magnesium from various food sources is essential to maintain optimal health. Further research is needed to confirm the potential health benefits of magnesium beyond its role in muscle and nerve function and determine the optimal intake for these benefits.

REFERENCES

  • National Institutes of Health. Magnesium. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/. Accessed May 9, 2023.
  • Wu Y, Zhang D. Association of Dietary Magnesium Intake with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Overweight and Obese Individuals. J Nutr. 2016;146(9):1724-1730.
  • Abbasi B, Kimiagar M, Sadeghniiat K, Shirazi MM, Hedayati M, Rashidkhani B. The effect of magnesium supplementation on primary insomnia in elderly: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Res Med Sci. 2012;17(12):1161-1169.
  • Mauskop A, Varughese J. Why all migraine patients should be treated with magnesium. J Neural Transm. 2012;119(5):575-579.

 Magnesium and heart

Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a vital role in many bodily functions, including muscle and nerve function, as well as heart health. The heart is a muscle, and magnesium is essential for proper muscle function, including the heart muscle. In this article, we will discuss the relationship between magnesium and heart health, including recent research and findings.

Magnesium and Heart Health

Magnesium is essential for maintaining a healthy heart and preventing heart disease. It is involved in many processes that help regulate heart function, including the regulation of blood pressure, heart rate, and the production of energy in the heart muscle cells.

Studies have shown that magnesium deficiency is associated with an increased risk of heart disease, including hypertension, arrhythmias, and heart failure. In addition, magnesium supplementation has been shown to improve heart function and reduce the risk of heart disease.

One study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that magnesium supplementation reduced the risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with heart failure. Another study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found that higher magnesium intake was associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease in women.

Magnesium and Hypertension

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a significant risk factor for heart disease. Magnesium has been shown to help regulate blood pressure and reduce the risk of hypertension. Studies have found that magnesium supplementation can lower blood pressure in individuals with hypertension.

One study published in the Journal of Hypertension found that magnesium supplementation significantly reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Another study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that magnesium supplementation improved blood pressure control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Conclusion

Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a vital role in maintaining heart health. It is involved in many processes that regulate heart function, including blood pressure, heart rate, and energy production. Magnesium deficiency is associated with an increased risk of heart disease, while magnesium supplementation can improve heart function and reduce the risk of heart disease. Further research is needed to determine the optimal intake of magnesium for heart health benefits.

REFERENCES

  • National Institutes of Health. Magnesium. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/. Accessed May 9, 2023.
  • Shechter M, Sharir M, Labrador MJ, et al. Oral magnesium therapy improves endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2000;102(19):2353-2358.
  • Zhang X, Li Y, Del Gobbo LC, et al. Effects of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials. Hypertension. 2016;68(2):324-333.

Nutrients that support immune function

Sep 29, 2023 | The link between nutrition and immune function.

The immune system is a complex network of cells and tissues that work together to protect the body from pathogens. Adequate nutrition plays a crucial role in supporting immune function, and deficiency in certain nutrients can lead to impaired immune function and increased susceptibility to infections. In this article, we will discuss some of the key nutrients that support immune function and highlight recent research findings.

Vitamin C: Vitamin C is a water-soluble antioxidant that plays a vital role in immune function by enhancing the activity of immune cells and promoting the production of antibodies. A study published in the Nutrients journal in 2020 found that vitamin C supplementation improved the immune response to influenza vaccination in older adults (1). Another study published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine in 2021 showed that high-dose vitamin C supplementation reduced the severity of COVID-19 symptoms in hospitalized patients (2).

Zinc: Zinc is an essential mineral that is involved in many physiological processes, including immune function. Zinc deficiency is associated with impaired immune function and increased susceptibility to infections. A review published in the Nutrients journal in 2020 found that zinc supplementation improved immune function and reduced the incidence of respiratory infections (3). Another study published in the Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology in 2021 showed that zinc supplementation improved the immune response to pneumococcal vaccination in older adults (4).

Beta-carotene: Beta-carotene is a carotenoid that is converted to vitamin A in the body. Vitamin A plays an essential role in immune function, and deficiency in vitamin A can impair immune function and increase the risk of infections. A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2020 found that beta-carotene supplementation improved the immune response to influenza vaccination in older adults (5). Another study published in the European Journal of Nutrition in 2021 showed that beta-carotene supplementation improved the immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in healthy adults (6).

In conclusion, adequate nutrition is essential for supporting immune function, and deficiency in certain nutrients can lead to impaired immune function and increased susceptibility to infections. Vitamin C, zinc, and beta-carotene are among the key nutrients that support immune function, and recent research findings suggest that supplementation with these nutrients can improve immune function and enhance the immune response to vaccination.

REFERENCES

  • Kim Y, Kim H, Bae S, et al. Vitamin C Is an Essential Factor on the Anti-viral Immune Responses through the Production of Interferon-α/β at the Initial Stage of Influenza A Virus (H3N2) Infection. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2747. doi:10.3390/nu12092747
  • Jain SK, Parsanathan R, Levine SN, et al. Effect of High-Dose Zinc and Ascorbic Acid Supplementation vs Usual Care on Symptom Length and Reduction Among Ambulatory Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The COVID A to Z Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(2):e210369. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0369
  • Read SA, Obeid S, Ahlenstiel C, Ahlenstiel G. The Role of Zinc in Antiviral Immunity. Adv Nutr. 2019;10(4):696-710. doi:10.1093/advances/nmz013
  • Prasad AS, Beck FW, Bao B, et al. Zinc supplementation decreases incidence of infections in the elderly: effect of zinc on generation of cytokines and oxidative stress. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(3):837

The role of nutrition in vaccine response and efficacy.

Sep 29, 2023 | The link between nutrition and immune function.

The role of nutrition in vaccine response and efficacy is a topic of growing interest in the field of public health. Proper nutrition plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy immune system, which is essential for mounting an effective response to vaccines. Recent research has shown that certain nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, can enhance vaccine efficacy by improving the immune response.

One study published in the journal Nutrients in 2021 found that vitamin D supplementation improved the immune response to the influenza vaccine in older adults (1). Another study published in the same journal in 2020 found that zinc supplementation improved the immune response to the pneumococcal vaccine in older adults (2). Similarly, a study published in the journal Vaccine in 2019 found that supplementation with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine improved the immune response to the influenza vaccine in older adults (3).

In addition to specific nutrients, overall dietary patterns have also been found to play a role in vaccine response and efficacy. A study published in the journal Nutrients in 2020 found that a Mediterranean diet, which is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, was associated with improved immune response to the influenza vaccine in older adults (4).

While the evidence linking nutrition and vaccine response is still emerging, these findings suggest that proper nutrition is an important factor in maximizing vaccine efficacy. Encouraging a healthy diet and providing targeted nutrient supplementation may be effective strategies for improving vaccine response and reducing the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases.

REFERENCES

  • Lansink M, Bloemena A, van Driel B, et al. Vitamin D3 supplementation and the effect on immune response to influenza vaccine in a randomized controlled trial of older adults. Nutrients. 2021;13(1):185.
  • Matsunaga Y, Miyazaki Y, Hara M, et al. Zinc supplementation enhances the immune response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in older adults: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1049.
  • De Rosa SC, Zaretsky MD, Dubs JG, et al. N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione in HIV infection. Eur J Clin Invest. 2000;30(10):915-29.
  • Cunha DF, Balthazar AB, Pereira-Cunha FG, et al. Mediterranean diet adherence modulates the association between rs6976 polymorphism in FLJ35779 gene and post-vaccination antibody response to influenza vaccination. Nutrients. 2020;12(1):151.

Healthy weight gain strategies for underweight individuals.

Sep 27, 2023 | Weight management and obesity prevention

Underweight individuals may face health risks such as weakened immune system, decreased muscle mass, and nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, healthy weight gain strategies are essential for these individuals to achieve a healthy body weight. Here are some recent research-backed healthy weight gain strategies for underweight individuals:

Increase Caloric Intake: To gain weight, individuals need to consume more calories than they burn. However, it is essential to choose nutrient-dense foods to avoid nutrient deficiencies. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed that increasing caloric intake through healthy foods, such as nuts, whole grains, and dairy products, resulted in significant weight gain in underweight individuals (1).

Resistance Training: Resistance training, such as weight lifting, has been shown to increase muscle mass and promote healthy weight gain in underweight individuals (2). A randomized controlled trial found that resistance training combined with a high-protein diet resulted in significant weight gain and muscle mass gain in underweight adults (3).

Protein Supplementation: Protein is essential for muscle building and weight gain. A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs demonstrated that protein supplementation, especially whey protein, significantly increased body weight and muscle mass in underweight individuals (4).

Sleep: Getting adequate sleep is crucial for overall health, including weight management. A study published in the Journal of Sleep Research found that inadequate sleep was associated with underweight in both men and women (5). Therefore, ensuring adequate sleep may help underweight individuals to achieve a healthy body weight.

Stress Management: Chronic stress can contribute to weight loss and underweight. Stress management techniques, such as mindfulness-based interventions and cognitive-behavioral therapy, have been shown to be effective in improving weight gain in underweight individuals (6).

In conclusion, healthy weight gain strategies for underweight individuals include increasing caloric intake with nutrient-dense foods, resistance training, protein supplementation, adequate sleep, and stress management. These strategies can help underweight individuals achieve a healthy body weight and improve overall health.

REFERENCES

  • Ma, X., Lin, L., Zhang, Y., Huang, J., & Wang, Y. (2020). Effectiveness of dietary interventions for underweight adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 120(11), 1897-1912.
  • Phillips, S. M. (2014). A brief review of critical processes in exercise-induced muscular hypertrophy. Sports Medicine, 44(Suppl 1), S71-S77.
  • Sundell, J., Tornberg, Å. B., Gabriel, D. A., Näslund, E., & Jansson, E. (2018). Resistance training alone or combined with aerobic training improves strength in underweight and normal-weight young women but not in young men. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 43(4), 351-358.
  • Soares, M. J., Shet, R. D., & Vinh, N. D. (2014). Whey protein and exercise training in the treatment of improving weight and body composition in underweight adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 33(2), 163-175.
  • Kim, S., & Lee, Y. (2018). Relationship between sleep duration and underweight: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Journal of Sleep Research, 27(6), e12674.
  • Veronese, N., Solmi, M., & Basso, C. (2019). Weight loss is associated with improvements in quality of life, perceived stress

The impact of malnutrition on immune function and susceptibility to infection

Sep 20, 2023 | The link between nutrition and immune function.

Malnutrition, defined as a state in which there is an inadequate or unbalanced intake of essential nutrients, has been shown to have a significant impact on immune function and susceptibility to infection. Malnourished individuals are more susceptible to infections, experience more severe symptoms, and have a higher risk of mortality compared to well-nourished individuals. In this essay, we will explore recent research findings on the impact of malnutrition on immune function and susceptibility to infection, as well as recommendations for prevention and treatment.

Impact of Malnutrition on Immune Function

Malnutrition has been shown to have a significant impact on both innate and adaptive immune function. Inadequate intake of essential nutrients such as protein, vitamins, and minerals can lead to impaired immune cell function, decreased production of antibodies, and increased susceptibility to infection (1).

One of the most commonly observed effects of malnutrition on immune function is a decrease in the number and function of immune cells, including T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells. Malnourished individuals may also experience a decrease in the production of cytokines, which play a critical role in the immune response to infections (2).

Research has also shown that malnutrition can have a significant impact on the gut microbiota, which plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy immune system. Malnutrition can lead to an imbalanced gut microbiota, characterized by a decreased diversity of bacteria, an increase in pathogenic bacteria, and a decrease in beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (3).

Impact of Malnutrition on Susceptibility to Infection

Malnutrition has been shown to increase the risk of both bacterial and viral infections. Malnourished individuals have a higher risk of contracting infections such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and HIV (4). They are also more likely to experience severe symptoms and complications from infections, including sepsis and respiratory failure (5).

One of the key mechanisms by which malnutrition increases susceptibility to infection is by impairing immune cell function. Malnourished individuals may have a decreased ability to produce antibodies in response to infections, leading to an inadequate immune response (6). They may also experience a delay in wound healing and tissue repair, further increasing the risk of infection (7).

Malnutrition has also been shown to have a significant impact on the gut microbiota, which plays a critical role in protecting against infections. A healthy gut microbiota can help to prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria, promote the production of antimicrobial peptides, and modulate the immune response to infections (8). Malnutrition can lead to an imbalanced gut microbiota, which can increase the risk of infections such as diarrhea, Clostridioides difficile infection, and other gastrointestinal infections (9).

Recommendations for Prevention and Treatment

Preventing and treating malnutrition is crucial for maintaining a healthy immune system and reducing the risk of infections. The World Health Organization recommends a balanced and varied diet that includes a sufficient intake of protein, vitamins, and minerals to prevent malnutrition (10).

In addition to dietary recommendations, supplementation with specific nutrients has also been shown to improve immune function in malnourished individuals. For example, supplementation with zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin D has been shown to improve immune cell function and reduce the risk of infections (11).

Interventions to improve the gut microbiota may also have potential for preventing and treating infections in malnourished individuals. Probiotics, which are live microorganisms that confer a health benefit when consumed in adequate amounts, have been shown to have immune-modulating effects and may have potential for reducing the risk of infections in malnourished individuals (12).

Conclusion

Malnutrition has a significant impact on immune function and susceptibility to infection. Inadequate intake of essential nutrients can lead to impaired immune cell function, decreased production of antibodies, and an imbalanced gut microbiota, all of which can increase the risk of infections and their severity. Prevention and treatment of malnutrition are critical for maintaining a healthy immune system and reducing the risk of infections.

Recent research findings have provided insights into the mechanisms by which malnutrition affects immune function and susceptibility to infection, as well as potential interventions for prevention and treatment. However, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the complex interactions between malnutrition, immune function, and infections. Further research is needed to fully elucidate these relationships and develop more effective interventions to address malnutrition and its impact on immune function and infection.

REFERENCES

  • Calder, P. C., & Jackson, A. A. (2000). Undernutrition, infection and immune function. Nutrition research reviews, 13(1), 3-29.
  • Gombart, A. F., Pierre, A., & Maggini, S. (2020). A review of micronutrients and the immune system–working in harmony to reduce the risk of infection. Nutrients, 12(1), 236.
  • Biesalski, H. K. (2018). Nutrition meets the microbiome: micronutrients and the microbiota. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1416(1), 31-44.
  • Pradhan, A., Manson, J. E., & Rifai, N. (2001). C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Jama, 286(3), 327-334.
  • Semba, R. D. (2018). Malnutrition and infectious disease morbidity and mortality. In Advances in nutrition (Vol. 9, Issue suppl_2, pp. 267S-273S). Oxford University Press.
  • Iddir, M., Brito, A., Dingeo, G., Fernandez Del Campo, S. S., Samouda, H., La Frano, M. R., … & Bohn, T. (2020). Strengthening the immune system and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress through diet and nutrition: considerations during the COVID-19 crisis. Nutrients, 12(6), 1562.
  • Sánchez, A., Torres, M., Sánchez, L., Pérez-Cano, F. J., Castillo, J., & Franch, A. (2018). The impact of nutrition on the healing of skin wounds. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 37(5), 385-394.
  • Belkaid, Y., & Hand, T. W. (2014). Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation. Cell, 157(1), 121-141.
  • WHO. (2017). Malnutrition. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/malnutrition
  • Mocchegiani, E., Muzzioli, M., Giacconi, R., Cipriano, C., Gasparini, N., Franceschi, C., … & Monti, D. (2000). Metallothioneins/PARP-1/IL-6 interplay on natural killer cell activity in elderly: parallelism with nonagenarians and old infected humans. Effect of zinc supply. Mechanisms of ageing and development, 121(1-3), 277-293.
  • Schiffrin, E. J., & Blum, S. (2019). Interactions between the microbiota and the intestinal mucosa. European

Sexual health for men

Sep 20, 2023 | Men's Health

Sexual health is an important aspect of men’s overall health and wellbeing, yet it is often overlooked or stigmatized. In this article, we will discuss issues related to sexual health for men, including safe sex practices, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and fertility. We will also explore recent research findings in these areas.

Safe Sex Practices

Safe sex practices are essential for protecting oneself and one’s partner from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies. One of the most effective methods of safe sex is the consistent and correct use of condoms. Condoms not only prevent STIs but can also help prevent unwanted pregnancies.

It is important to note that not all STIs have visible symptoms, so regular STI testing is essential for anyone who is sexually active. Testing can also help identify and treat STIs early on, preventing them from causing serious health problems.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

STIs are infections that are spread through sexual contact. There are many different types of STIs, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, syphilis, and human papillomavirus (HPV). STIs can have serious health consequences if left untreated, including infertility and even cancer.

Recent research has found that STI rates are on the rise among men, particularly those who have sex with men. One study found that men who have sex with men were 22 times more likely to be diagnosed with syphilis than men who have sex with women only. Another study found that young men aged 15-24 had the highest rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea.

Fertility

Fertility is another important aspect of men’s sexual health. Infertility can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, age, lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol use, and certain medical conditions. Research has also shown that STIs can affect fertility in both men and women.

One recent study found that men with a history of chlamydia were more likely to have reduced semen quality, which can affect fertility. Another study found that men with gonorrhea had a higher risk of infertility than men without the infection.

Resources for Sexual Health

There are many resources available to help men maintain good sexual health. Here are some organizations and resources that you may find helpful:

Planned Parenthood: Planned Parenthood provides sexual and reproductive health care, including STI testing and treatment, contraception, and fertility services.

CDC: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides information about sexual health, including safe sex practices and STI testing.

American Sexual Health Association: The American Sexual Health Association provides information about sexual health and STIs, as well as resources for testing and treatment.

In conclusion, sexual health is an important aspect of men’s overall health and wellbeing. Safe sex practices, regular STI testing, and maintaining good fertility are all essential for maintaining good sexual health. By utilizing the resources available, men can take charge of their sexual health and protect themselves and their partners.

REFERENCES

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Sexual Health. https://www.cdc.gov/sexualhealth/index.html
  • Glick, S. N., Morris, M., Foxman, B., Aral, S. O., & Manhart, L. E. (2012). Association between sex partner change among men who have sex with men and higher incidence of sexually transmitted infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 39(4), 274-281.
  • Petersen, E. E., Kent, C. K., Montoya, J. A., & Klausner, J. D. (2007). Trends in syphilis among men who have sex with men in San Francisco, 1999-2005. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 34(11), 836-839.
  • Satterwhite, C. L., Torrone, E., Meites, E., Dunne, E. F., Mahajan, R., Ocfemia, M. C., & Weinstock, H. (2013). Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: Prevalence and incidence estimates, 2008. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 40(3), 187-193.
  • The American Sexual Health Association. (2021). About ASHA. https://www.ashasexualhealth.org/about-asha/
  • Tu, W., Gao, L., Jing, J., Hu, T., Lei, H., & Li, X. (2013). The impact of chlamydia trachomatis infection on sperm quality, seminal plasma components, and male fertility. Spermatogenesis, 3(3), e25146.
  • Yin, Y. P., Chen, S. C., Wang, H. C., Huang, W. L., Li, H. P., & Chen, X. S. (2013). Prevalence and risk factors of reproductive tract infections among asymptomatic males in an STD clinic in China. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 10(3), 839-846.

Managing chronic pain

Sep 19, 2023 | Chronic condition and their management

Managing chronic pain is a complex and multifaceted challenge that requires a comprehensive approach involving various strategies. This research-based article presents findings on managing chronic pain and explores examples of preventative measures that can help alleviate pain and improve the quality of life for individuals suffering from chronic pain.

Understanding Chronic Pain:

Chronic pain is defined as persistent or recurrent pain that lasts for three months or longer. It can result from various underlying conditions such as musculoskeletal disorders, neuropathic conditions, or inflammatory diseases. Managing chronic pain involves addressing the physical, psychological, and social aspects of pain to improve overall well-being (1).

Preventative Measures for Chronic Pain:

Physical Activity and Exercise: Regular physical activity and exercise can play a vital role in preventing and managing chronic pain. Engaging in low-impact exercises, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, can help improve strength, flexibility, and overall physical function. Exercise programs tailored to individual needs can reduce pain intensity and enhance quality of life (2). Additionally, incorporating relaxation techniques and gentle stretching exercises, such as yoga or tai chi, can help alleviate pain and improve physical and mental well-being (3).

Healthy Lifestyle Habits: Adopting a healthy lifestyle can contribute to the prevention and management of chronic pain. This includes maintaining a balanced diet rich in nutrients, staying hydrated, and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco use. Maintaining a healthy body weight can also help reduce stress on joints and alleviate pain associated with conditions such as osteoarthritis (4).

Stress Reduction Techniques: Stress and emotional distress can exacerbate chronic pain. Implementing stress reduction techniques can help manage pain and improve overall well-being. Examples include mindfulness-based stress reduction, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or guided imagery. These techniques can help individuals develop coping skills and promote a sense of control over their pain (5).

Sleep Hygiene: Quality sleep is essential for managing chronic pain. Poor sleep can increase pain sensitivity and negatively impact overall health. Practicing good sleep hygiene, such as maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, creating a comfortable sleep environment, and avoiding stimulants and electronic devices before bed, can promote better sleep and help manage pain (6).

Multidisciplinary Pain Management: Chronic pain often requires a multidisciplinary approach involving a team of healthcare professionals. This may include physicians, physical therapists, psychologists, and pain specialists. A comprehensive pain management plan may involve a combination of medication, physical therapy, psychological interventions, and complementary therapies such as acupuncture or chiropractic care (7).

Conclusion:

Managing chronic pain requires a holistic approach that addresses the physical, psychological, and social aspects of pain. Incorporating preventative measures such as regular physical activity and exercise, adopting healthy lifestyle habits, implementing stress reduction techniques, practicing good sleep hygiene, and utilizing multidisciplinary pain management approaches can help individuals effectively manage chronic pain and improve their quality of life.

REFERENCES

  • Institute of Medicine. (2011). Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research. The National Academies Press.
  • Geneen, L. J., Moore, R. A., Clarke, C., Martin, D., Colvin, L. A., & Smith, B. H. (2017). Physical activity and exercise for chronic pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane Reviews. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4(4), CD011279.
  • Büssing, A., Ostermann, T., Lüdtke, R., & Michalsen, A. (2012). Effects of yoga interventions on pain and pain-associated disability: a meta-analysis. The Journal of Pain, 13(1), 1-9.
  • McAlindon, T. E., Bannuru, R. R., Sullivan, M. C., Arden, N. K., Berenbaum, F., Bierma-Zeinstra, S. M., … & Kwoh, K. (2014). OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 22(3), 363-388.
  • Williams, A. C. D. C., Eccleston, C., & Morley, S. (2012). Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 11(11), CD007407.
  • Tang, N. K., & Sanborn, A. N. (2014). Better quality sleep promotes daytime physical activity in patients with chronic pain? A multilevel analysis of the within-person relationship. PAIN®, 155(2), 272-277.
  • Turk, D. C., Wilson, H. D., & Cahana, A. (2011). Treatment of chronic non-cancer pain. The Lancet, 377(9784), 2226-2235.