Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of parasitic and bacterial infections that disproportionately affect populations in low-income countries, primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America. These diseases are often called “neglected” because they have historically received little attention and funding for research and treatment. However, NTDs are significant public health problems, leading to disability, disfigurement, and even death. In this article, we will explore some of the most common NTDs and their management.

Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs): STHs are parasitic worms that live in the intestine and are transmitted through contaminated soil. The most common types of STHs are roundworm, whipworm, and hookworm. STHs cause malnutrition, anemia, and developmental delays in children. The management of STHs involves mass drug administration (MDA) of deworming drugs, such as albendazole or mebendazole, to at-risk populations. MDA is a cost-effective strategy to control STHs and has been implemented in many low-income countries.

Schistosomiasis: Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection caused by a waterborne flatworm. The infection occurs when individuals come into contact with contaminated freshwater. Schistosomiasis can cause chronic liver, bladder, and intestinal damage. Managing schistosomiasis involves MDA of praziquantel, which is highly effective in treating the infection.

Lymphatic filariasis (LF): LF is a parasitic infection transmitted by mosquitoes. The infection can cause lymphedema and elephantiasis, leading to disability and social stigma. The management of LF involves MDA of two drugs, ivermectin and albendazole, to at-risk populations. In addition, morbidity management and disability prevention programs are essential to prevent and manage the complications of LF.

Onchocerciasis: Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is caused by a parasitic worm transmitted by black flies. The infection can cause blindness and skin damage. The management of onchocerciasis involves MDA of ivermectin to at-risk populations. In addition, vector control and health education programs are essential to prevent and manage the disease.

Chagas disease: Chagas disease is caused by a parasite transmitted by triatomine bugs. The infection can cause chronic heart and digestive problems. The management of Chagas disease involves early diagnosis and treatment with antiparasitic drugs, such as benznidazole and nifurtimox. Vector control programs are also essential to prevent the disease transmission.

In addition to the above mentioned NTDs, there are several other diseases, including leprosy, Buruli ulcer, and dengue fever, that are considered neglected because they disproportionately affect low-income countries and have historically received little attention and funding for research and treatment.

The management of NTDs requires a comprehensive approach that includes MDA, vector control, and health education programs. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set targets to control or eliminate the most common NTDs by 2030, and significant progress has been made in recent years. However, sustained investment in research and treatment is necessary to achieve these goals and ensure that no one is left behind.

In conclusion, NTDs are the significant public health problems that affects millions of people worldwide. While neglected, these diseases can be effectively managed and controlled through a comprehensive approach that involves MDA, vector control, and health education programs. Increased investment in research and treatment is necessary to achieve the WHO’s targets and ensure that everyone has access to quality healthcare.